Bone remodeling and healing MCQs

By: Prof. Dr. Fazal Rehman Shamil | Last updated: September 28, 2024

Which type of bone cell is responsible for bone resorption during the remodeling process?
A) Osteoblasts
B) Osteoclasts
C) Osteocytes
D) Chondrocytes
Answer: B) Osteoclasts

Which of the following cells are responsible for forming new bone?
A) Osteoclasts
B) Osteoblasts
C) Osteocytes
D) Fibroblasts
Answer: B) Osteoblasts

The process of bone remodeling primarily involves the activities of which two cell types?
A) Osteoclasts and osteoblasts
B) Chondrocytes and osteocytes
C) Fibroblasts and osteoclasts
D) Osteocytes and chondroblasts
Answer: A) Osteoclasts and osteoblasts

Which hormone plays a major role in stimulating bone resorption?
A) Calcitonin
B) Parathyroid hormone (PTH)
C) Growth hormone
D) Estrogen
Answer: B) Parathyroid hormone (PTH)

Which phase of bone healing involves the formation of a blood clot at the fracture site?
A) Remodeling phase
B) Inflammatory phase
C) Proliferation phase
D) Callus formation phase
Answer: B) Inflammatory phase

During which phase of bone healing does the soft callus begin to form?
A) Remodeling phase
B) Inflammatory phase
C) Proliferation phase
D) Reparative phase
Answer: D) Reparative phase

What is the main function of osteocytes during bone remodeling?
A) Break down bone tissue
B) Form new bone tissue
C) Detect mechanical stress on bones
D) Repair cartilage
Answer: C) Detect mechanical stress on bones

Which mineral is crucial for proper bone remodeling and is stored in the bone matrix?
A) Potassium
B) Sodium
C) Calcium
D) Iron
Answer: C) Calcium

Which of the following is NOT a stage of bone healing?
A) Inflammation
B) Soft callus formation
C) Bone deposition
D) Fibrosis
Answer: D) Fibrosis

The process in which new bone is laid down by osteoblasts during healing is called:
A) Osteogenesis
B) Ossification
C) Osteolysis
D) Resorption
Answer: B) Ossification

Which of the following factors does NOT influence bone remodeling?
A) Hormones
B) Physical activity
C) Age
D) Skin color
Answer: D) Skin color

Which hormone helps to reduce blood calcium levels and inhibits bone resorption?
A) Parathyroid hormone
B) Calcitonin
C) Estrogen
D) Growth hormone
Answer: B) Calcitonin

In which phase of bone healing is the hard (bony) callus formed?
A) Inflammatory phase
B) Proliferative phase
C) Remodeling phase
D) Reparative phase
Answer: D) Reparative phase

Which vitamin is essential for calcium absorption and bone remodeling?
A) Vitamin A
B) Vitamin C
C) Vitamin D
D) Vitamin E
Answer: C) Vitamin D

Which of the following statements is true about bone remodeling?
A) It only occurs during childhood.
B) It involves the balance between bone resorption and formation.
C) It happens only after a bone fracture.
D) It does not involve osteocytes.
Answer: B) It involves the balance between bone resorption and formation.

What role do hormones like estrogen play in bone remodeling?
A) Stimulate osteoclast activity
B) Inhibit osteoblast activity
C) Protect against excessive bone resorption
D) Promote cartilage formation
Answer: C) Protect against excessive bone resorption

During the process of bone healing, which tissue forms the initial framework for new bone?
A) Hyaline cartilage
B) Collagen
C) Fibrocartilage callus
D) Bone marrow
Answer: C) Fibrocartilage callus

Which of the following occurs during the final phase of bone healing?
A) Formation of a hematoma
B) Removal of excess bone
C) Deposition of fibrocartilage
D) Inflammation at the fracture site
Answer: B) Removal of excess bone

Osteoclasts are activated during bone remodeling by which of the following signals?
A) Increased blood calcium levels
B) Mechanical stress on bone
C) Parathyroid hormone
D) High levels of calcitonin
Answer: C) Parathyroid hormone

In bone remodeling, what is the function of the ruffled border in osteoclasts?
A) Increase bone formation
B) Absorb calcium
C) Secrete acids to break down bone
D) Attach to osteoblasts
Answer: C) Secrete acids to break down bone

Which cells are responsible for bone repair during a fracture?
A) Osteocytes
B) Osteoclasts
C) Osteoblasts
D) Chondrocytes
Answer: C) Osteoblasts

Which hormone increases calcium absorption in the intestines and promotes bone remodeling?
A) Growth hormone
B) Parathyroid hormone
C) Vitamin D
D) Calcitonin
Answer: C) Vitamin D

What type of tissue initially fills the fracture site during the healing process?
A) Bone tissue
B) Fibrocartilage
C) Elastic cartilage
D) Hyaline cartilage
Answer: B) Fibrocartilage

In the bone remodeling cycle, which cells function to detect damage or mechanical stress on the bone?
A) Osteoblasts
B) Osteocytes
C) Chondrocytes
D) Osteoclasts
Answer: B) Osteocytes

The removal of old or damaged bone tissue by osteoclasts is known as:
A) Deposition
B) Resorption
C) Remodeling
D) Mineralization
Answer: B) Resorption

What is the initial response of bone to mechanical stress?
A) Increased osteoclast activity
B) Increased osteoblast activity
C) Production of synovial fluid
D) Formation of a hematoma
Answer: B) Increased osteoblast activity

Which process refers to the breakdown of bone tissue by osteoclasts?
A) Osteogenesis
B) Resorption
C) Ossification
D) Calcification
Answer: B) Resorption

Which hormone inhibits osteoclast activity and prevents excessive bone loss?
A) Parathyroid hormone
B) Growth hormone
C) Calcitonin
D) Vitamin D
Answer: C) Calcitonin

The final phase of bone healing involves the replacement of the bony callus with:
A) Fibrocartilage
B) Compact bone
C) Spongy bone
D) Hyaline cartilage
Answer: B) Compact bone

Which of the following is true about the bone remodeling process?
A) It only occurs during bone fracture healing.
B) Osteoblasts are more active than osteoclasts in adults.
C) It is influenced by physical stress and hormones.
D) It only involves the outer layer of bone.
Answer: C) It is influenced by physical stress and hormones.

Osteocytes communicate with each other through small channels in the bone matrix known as:
A) Lacunae
B) Haversian canals
C) Canaliculi
D) Lamellae
Answer: C) Canaliculi

What is the role of collagen in bone healing?
A) It forms the bone matrix
B) It attracts calcium to the fracture site
C) It provides the framework for new bone
D) It promotes the activity of osteoclasts
Answer: C) It provides the framework for new bone

Which hormone plays a role in both bone remodeling and calcium homeostasis?
A) Insulin
B) Thyroxine
C) Parathyroid hormone
D) Glucagon
Answer: C) Parathyroid hormone

Bone deposition involves which of the following actions?
A) Secretion of acids by osteoclasts
B) Formation of new bone by osteoblasts
C) Degradation of collagen fibers
D) Phagocytosis by osteocytes
Answer: B) Formation of new bone by osteoblasts

In bone healing, the hard callus is primarily made up of which type of bone tissue?
A) Spongy bone
B) Fibrocartilage
C) Elastic cartilage
D) Compact bone
Answer: A) Spongy bone

Osteoclasts originate from which of the following cell types?
A) Osteoblast precursors
B) Hematopoietic stem cells
C) Mesenchymal cells
D) Chondrocytes
Answer: B) Hematopoietic stem cells

Which factor promotes osteoblast activity and new bone formation?
A) Sedentary lifestyle
B) Low calcium intake
C) Weight-bearing exercises
D) Decreased blood flow to bones
Answer: C) Weight-bearing exercises

The hormone estrogen helps to maintain bone density by inhibiting the activity of:
A) Osteoblasts
B) Osteoclasts
C) Osteocytes
D) Chondrocytes
Answer: B) Osteoclasts

Which structure is responsible for depositing minerals like calcium and phosphate into the bone matrix?
A) Osteoclast
B) Osteoblast
C) Osteocyte
D) Fibroblast
Answer: B) Osteoblast

Which of the following conditions can lead to increased bone resorption?
A) Osteoporosis
B) Osteogenesis imperfecta
C) Osteomalacia
D) Paget’s disease
Answer: A) Osteoporosis

What is the primary function of the periosteum during bone repair?
A) Nourish bone cells
B) Produce blood cells
C) Protect cartilage
D) Form osteoclasts
Answer: A) Nourish bone cells

During bone remodeling, what substance is secreted by osteoclasts to dissolve bone minerals?
A) Hydrochloric acid
B) Lactic acid
C) Collagen
D) Calcium
Answer: A) Hydrochloric acid

The hard, dense outer layer of bone that forms during the last stage of healing is known as:
A) Compact bone
B) Spongy bone
C) Periosteum
D) Cartilage
Answer: A) Compact bone

Which factor contributes to the activation of bone remodeling after a fracture?
A) Increased blood calcium levels
B) Mechanical stress
C) Lack of physical activity
D) Decreased osteoblast activity
Answer: B) Mechanical stress

 

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