Bone remodeling and healing MCQs

By: Prof. Dr. Fazal Rehman | Last updated: September 28, 2024

Which type of bone cell is responsible for bone resorption during the remodeling process? A) Osteoblasts B) Osteoclasts C) Osteocytes D) Chondrocytes Answer: B) Osteoclasts Which of the following cells are responsible for forming new bone? A) Osteoclasts B) Osteoblasts C) Osteocytes D) Fibroblasts Answer: B) Osteoblasts The process of bone remodeling primarily involves the activities of which two cell types? A) Osteoclasts and osteoblasts B) Chondrocytes and osteocytes C) Fibroblasts and osteoclasts D) Osteocytes and chondroblasts Answer: A) Osteoclasts and osteoblasts Which hormone plays a major role in stimulating bone resorption? A) Calcitonin B) Parathyroid hormone (PTH) C) Growth hormone D) Estrogen Answer: B) Parathyroid hormone (PTH) Which phase of bone healing involves the formation of a blood clot at the fracture site? A) Remodeling phase B) Inflammatory phase C) Proliferation phase D) Callus formation phase Answer: B) Inflammatory phase During which phase of bone healing does the soft callus begin to form? A) Remodeling phase B) Inflammatory phase C) Proliferation phase D) Reparative phase Answer: D) Reparative phase What is the main function of osteocytes during bone remodeling? A) Break down bone tissue B) Form new bone tissue C) Detect mechanical stress on bones D) Repair cartilage Answer: C) Detect mechanical stress on bones Which mineral is crucial for proper bone remodeling and is stored in the bone matrix? A) Potassium B) Sodium C) Calcium D) Iron Answer: C) Calcium Which of the following is NOT a stage of bone healing? A) Inflammation B) Soft callus formation C) Bone deposition D) Fibrosis Answer: D) Fibrosis The process in which new bone is laid down by osteoblasts during healing is called: A) Osteogenesis B) Ossification C) Osteolysis D) Resorption Answer: B) Ossification Which of the following factors does NOT influence bone remodeling? A) Hormones B) Physical activity C) Age D) Skin color Answer: D) Skin color Which hormone helps to reduce blood calcium levels and inhibits bone resorption? A) Parathyroid hormone B) Calcitonin C) Estrogen D) Growth hormone Answer: B) Calcitonin In which phase of bone healing is the hard (bony) callus formed? A) Inflammatory phase B) Proliferative phase C) Remodeling phase D) Reparative phase Answer: D) Reparative phase Which vitamin is essential for calcium absorption and bone remodeling? A) Vitamin A B) Vitamin C C) Vitamin D D) Vitamin E Answer: C) Vitamin D Which of the following statements is true about bone remodeling? A) It only occurs during childhood. B) It involves the balance between bone resorption and formation. C) It happens only after a bone fracture. D) It does not involve osteocytes. Answer: B) It involves the balance between bone resorption and formation. What role do hormones like estrogen play in bone remodeling? A) Stimulate osteoclast activity B) Inhibit osteoblast activity C) Protect against excessive bone resorption D) Promote cartilage formation Answer: C) Protect against excessive bone resorption During the process of bone healing, which tissue forms the initial framework for new bone? A) Hyaline cartilage B) Collagen C) Fibrocartilage callus D) Bone marrow Answer: C) Fibrocartilage callus Which of the following occurs during the final phase of bone healing? A) Formation of a hematoma B) Removal of excess bone C) Deposition of fibrocartilage D) Inflammation at the fracture site Answer: B) Removal of excess bone Osteoclasts are activated during bone remodeling by which of the following signals? A) Increased blood calcium levels B) Mechanical stress on bone C) Parathyroid hormone D) High levels of calcitonin Answer: C) Parathyroid hormone In bone remodeling, what is the function of the ruffled border in osteoclasts? A) Increase bone formation B) Absorb calcium C) Secrete acids to break down bone D) Attach to osteoblasts Answer: C) Secrete acids to break down bone Which cells are responsible for bone repair during a fracture? A) Osteocytes B) Osteoclasts C) Osteoblasts D) Chondrocytes Answer: C) Osteoblasts Which hormone increases calcium absorption in the intestines and promotes bone remodeling? A) Growth hormone B) Parathyroid hormone C) Vitamin D D) Calcitonin Answer: C) Vitamin D What type of tissue initially fills the fracture site during the healing process? A) Bone tissue B) Fibrocartilage C) Elastic cartilage D) Hyaline cartilage Answer: B) Fibrocartilage In the bone remodeling cycle, which cells function to detect damage or mechanical stress on the bone? A) Osteoblasts B) Osteocytes C) Chondrocytes D) Osteoclasts Answer: B) Osteocytes The removal of old or damaged bone tissue by osteoclasts is known as: A) Deposition B) Resorption C) Remodeling D) Mineralization Answer: B) Resorption What is the initial response of bone to mechanical stress? A) Increased osteoclast activity B) Increased osteoblast activity C) Production of synovial fluid D) Formation of a hematoma Answer: B) Increased osteoblast activity Which process refers to the breakdown of bone tissue by osteoclasts? A) Osteogenesis B) Resorption C) Ossification D) Calcification Answer: B) Resorption Which hormone inhibits osteoclast activity and prevents excessive bone loss? A) Parathyroid hormone B) Growth hormone C) Calcitonin D) Vitamin D Answer: C) Calcitonin The final phase of bone healing involves the replacement of the bony callus with: A) Fibrocartilage B) Compact bone C) Spongy bone D) Hyaline cartilage Answer: B) Compact bone Which of the following is true about the bone remodeling process? A) It only occurs during bone fracture healing. B) Osteoblasts are more active than osteoclasts in adults. C) It is influenced by physical stress and hormones. D) It only involves the outer layer of bone. Answer: C) It is influenced by physical stress and hormones. Osteocytes communicate with each other through small channels in the bone matrix known as: A) Lacunae B) Haversian canals C) Canaliculi D) Lamellae Answer: C) Canaliculi What is the role of collagen in bone healing? A) It forms the bone matrix B) It attracts calcium to the fracture site C) It provides the framework for new bone D) It promotes the activity of osteoclasts Answer: C) It provides the framework for new bone Which hormone plays a role in both bone remodeling and calcium homeostasis? A) Insulin B) Thyroxine C) Parathyroid hormone D) Glucagon Answer: C) Parathyroid hormone Bone deposition involves which of the following actions? A) Secretion of acids by osteoclasts B) Formation of new bone by osteoblasts C) Degradation of collagen fibers D) Phagocytosis by osteocytes Answer: B) Formation of new bone by osteoblasts In bone healing, the hard callus is primarily made up of which type of bone tissue? A) Spongy bone B) Fibrocartilage C) Elastic cartilage D) Compact bone Answer: A) Spongy bone Osteoclasts originate from which of the following cell types? A) Osteoblast precursors B) Hematopoietic stem cells C) Mesenchymal cells D) Chondrocytes Answer: B) Hematopoietic stem cells Which factor promotes osteoblast activity and new bone formation? A) Sedentary lifestyle B) Low calcium intake C) Weight-bearing exercises D) Decreased blood flow to bones Answer: C) Weight-bearing exercises The hormone estrogen helps to maintain bone density by inhibiting the activity of: A) Osteoblasts B) Osteoclasts C) Osteocytes D) Chondrocytes Answer: B) Osteoclasts Which structure is responsible for depositing minerals like calcium and phosphate into the bone matrix? A) Osteoclast B) Osteoblast C) Osteocyte D) Fibroblast Answer: B) Osteoblast Which of the following conditions can lead to increased bone resorption? A) Osteoporosis B) Osteogenesis imperfecta C) Osteomalacia D) Paget’s disease Answer: A) Osteoporosis What is the primary function of the periosteum during bone repair? A) Nourish bone cells B) Produce blood cells C) Protect cartilage D) Form osteoclasts Answer: A) Nourish bone cells During bone remodeling, what substance is secreted by osteoclasts to dissolve bone minerals? A) Hydrochloric acid B) Lactic acid C) Collagen D) Calcium Answer: A) Hydrochloric acid The hard, dense outer layer of bone that forms during the last stage of healing is known as: A) Compact bone B) Spongy bone C) Periosteum D) Cartilage Answer: A) Compact bone Which factor contributes to the activation of bone remodeling after a fracture? A) Increased blood calcium levels B) Mechanical stress C) Lack of physical activity D) Decreased osteoblast activity Answer: B) Mechanical stress  

• Bone Structure and Function MCQs
  • Anatomy of bones and joints MCQs
  • Bone remodeling and healing MCQs
  • Fracture types and classifications MCQs
• Musculoskeletal System MCQs
  • Anatomy of muscles, tendons, and ligaments MCQs
  • Joint biomechanics MCQs
• Fractures MCQs
  • Fracture management (open and closed) MCQs
  • Principles of reduction and fixation MCQs
  • Complications of fractures (e.g., nonunion, malunion, delayed healing) MCQs
  • Pathological fractures MCQs
• Orthopedic Trauma MCQs
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  • Management of polytrauma patients MCQs
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• Pediatric Orthopedics MCQs
  • Growth plate fractures MCQs
  • Developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) MCQs
  • Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease MCQs
  • Slipped capital femoral epiphysis (SCFE) MCQs
• Spine Disorders MCQs
  • Scoliosis and kyphosis MCQs
  • Degenerative spine conditions  MCQs (e.g., spondylolisthesis, herniated discs)
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  • Management of spinal fractures MCQs
• Arthritis MCQs
  • Osteoarthritis MCQs
  • Rheumatoid arthritis MCQs
  • Juvenile idiopathic arthritis MCQs
  • Gout and other crystal arthropathies MCQs
• Bone and Joint Infections MCQs
  • Osteomyelitis MCQs
  • Septic arthritis MCQs
  • Tuberculosis of the bone (Pott’s disease) MCQs
• Bone Tumors MCQs
  • Benign vs malignant bone tumors MCQs
  • Osteosarcoma, Ewing’s sarcoma MCQs
  • Metastatic bone disease MCQs
• Soft Tissue Conditions MCQs
  • Tendon injuries MCQs(e.g., Achilles tendon rupture)
  • Ligament injuries MCQs (e.g., ACL, PCL tears)
  • Bursitis and tendinitis MCQs
• Joint Disorders MCQs
  • Shoulder impingement and rotator cuff injuries MCQs
  • Hip and knee replacements MCQs (arthroplasty)
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• Sports Injuries MCQs
  • Common sports-related injuries MCQs(e.g., ACL tears, meniscus injuries)
  • Overuse injuries MCQs(e.g., stress fractures)
• Orthopedic Surgeries MCQs
  • Surgical approaches and techniques  MCQs(ORIF, external fixation, arthroscopy)
  • Complications of orthopedic surgeries MCQs
•  Bone Metabolism Disorders MCQs
  • • Osteoporosis MCQs
    • Rickets and osteomalacia MCQs
    • Paget’s disease of bone MCQs
• Prosthetics and Orthotics