What is the primary difference between paging and segmentation?
a) Paging divides memory into fixed-size blocks, while segmentation divides memory into variable-sized blocks
b) Segmentation divides memory into fixed-size blocks, while paging divides memory into variable-sized blocks
c) Paging uses variable-sized blocks, while segmentation uses fixed-size blocks
d) Paging and segmentation are essentially the same
Answer: a) Paging divides memory into fixed-size blocks, while segmentation divides memory into variable-sized blocks
In a paging system, what is a “page”?
a) A fixed-size block of virtual memory
b) A variable-sized block of memory
c) A segment of a program’s code
d) A portion of disk storage
Answer: a) A fixed-size block of virtual memory
What is the term for the mapping of virtual memory addresses to physical memory addresses in a paging system?
a) Address translation
b) Paging
c) Segmentation
d) Swapping
Answer: a) Address translation
Which of the following is a key advantage of paging over segmentation?
a) Simplified memory management with fixed-size blocks
b) Reduced internal fragmentation
c) Variable-sized memory allocation
d) Better handling of large data structures
Answer: a) Simplified memory management with fixed-size blocks
In segmentation, what does a “segment” refer to?
a) A variable-sized block of memory representing a logical unit of the program
b) A fixed-size block of physical memory
c) A portion of the disk storage
d) A section of the page table
Answer: a) A variable-sized block of memory representing a logical unit of the program
Which memory management technique allows for the logical division of a program into segments such as code, data, and stack?
a) Segmentation
b) Paging
c) Buffering
d) Swapping
Answer: a) Segmentation
What does the term “internal fragmentation” refer to in paging systems?
a) Wasted space within allocated pages due to fixed-size blocks
b) Wasted space between pages
c) Memory that is inaccessible
d) Overlap of physical memory pages
Answer: a) Wasted space within allocated pages due to fixed-size blocks
What is “external fragmentation” in the context of segmentation?
a) Free memory blocks scattered throughout physical memory
b) Wasted space within allocated segments
c) Memory that is not allocated to any segment
d) Fragmentation of disk storage
Answer: a) Free memory blocks scattered throughout physical memory
How does a page table function in a paging system?
a) It maps virtual addresses to physical memory addresses
b) It stores segment information
c) It handles disk I/O operations
d) It manages CPU registers
Answer: a) It maps virtual addresses to physical memory addresses
What is a “segment table” used for in segmentation?
a) To map segment numbers to segment base addresses and limits
b) To handle page faults
c) To increase the size of physical memory
d) To manage CPU caches
Answer: a) To map segment numbers to segment base addresses and limits
In paging systems, what does the term “page fault” refer to?
a) An event where a program accesses a page not currently in physical memory
b) An error in the page table
c) A hardware failure
d) An interruption in the CPU’s processing
Answer: a) An event where a program accesses a page not currently in physical memory
Which of the following best describes “paging” in memory management?
a) Dividing memory into fixed-size blocks and managing these blocks
b) Dividing memory into variable-sized blocks and managing these blocks
c) Managing memory by segments of code, data, and stack
d) Using a single contiguous memory space for all processes
Answer: a) Dividing memory into fixed-size blocks and managing these blocks
What is the purpose of “segmentation” in memory management?
a) To divide memory into variable-sized logical units based on program structure
b) To divide memory into fixed-size blocks
c) To increase the page size
d) To reduce the number of page faults
Answer: a) To divide memory into variable-sized logical units based on program structure
Which of the following is a disadvantage of paging compared to segmentation?
a) Increased internal fragmentation due to fixed-size pages
b) Increased external fragmentation
c) More complex memory management
d) Less efficient use of physical memory
Answer: a) Increased internal fragmentation due to fixed-size pages
What does “address translation” refer to in a paging system?
a) The process of converting virtual addresses into physical addresses using a page table
b) The process of dividing memory into segments
c) The process of swapping pages between memory and disk
d) The process of managing CPU operations
Answer: a) The process of converting virtual addresses into physical addresses using a page table
How is a “page frame” defined in a paging system?
a) A fixed-size block of physical memory
b) A fixed-size block of virtual memory
c) A variable-sized block of physical memory
d) A segment of disk storage
Answer: a) A fixed-size block of physical memory
In a segmentation system, how are segments typically managed?
a) Each segment has a base address and a limit
b) Each segment is divided into fixed-size pages
c) Each segment is managed by a page table
d) Each segment is stored on disk
Answer: a) Each segment has a base address and a limit
Which memory management technique uses a “page directory” to manage virtual addresses?
a) Paging
b) Segmentation
c) Swapping
d) Caching
Answer: a) Paging
What is “dynamic linking” in the context of segmentation?
a) The ability to link different segments of a program at runtime
b) The process of swapping pages in and out of physical memory
c) The method of translating virtual addresses to physical addresses
d) The allocation of fixed-size pages
Answer: a) The ability to link different segments of a program at runtime
What is the main advantage of segmentation over paging in terms of memory management?
a) Segmentation allows for variable-sized blocks and better logical organization
b) Segmentation reduces internal fragmentation
c) Segmentation simplifies address translation
d) Segmentation improves page fault handling
Answer: a) Segmentation allows for variable-sized blocks and better logical organization
What is a common method for managing page faults in a paging system?
a) Loading the required page from disk into physical memory
b) Ignoring the fault and continuing execution
c) Increasing the page size
d) Reducing the number of processes
Answer: a) Loading the required page from disk into physical memory
In which scenario is segmentation particularly useful?
a) When logical divisions of a program such as code, data, and stack are needed
b) When fixed-size memory blocks are preferred
c) When managing a large number of pages
d) When handling page faults efficiently
Answer: a) When logical divisions of a program such as code, data, and stack are needed
What is the main disadvantage of segmentation compared to paging?
a) Increased external fragmentation
b) Increased internal fragmentation
c) More complex page replacement algorithms
d) Higher page fault rates
Answer: a) Increased external fragmentation
Which technique helps to reduce internal fragmentation in a paging system?
a) Using a larger page size
b) Reducing the number of segments
c) Implementing variable-sized segments
d) Increasing the size of physical memory
Answer: a) Using a larger page size
How does a “segmentation fault” differ from a “page fault”?
a) A segmentation fault occurs due to illegal access to a segment, while a page fault occurs due to missing pages in physical memory
b) A page fault occurs due to illegal access to a segment, while a segmentation fault occurs due to missing pages
c) Both terms are used interchangeably
d) A segmentation fault is related to disk storage, while a page fault is related to physical memory
Answer: a) A segmentation fault occurs due to illegal access to a segment, while a page fault occurs due to missing pages in physical memory
What does “segment register” refer to in a segmentation system?
a) A register that holds the base address of a segment
b) A register that stores page table entries
c) A register used for disk I/O operations
d) A register that manages physical memory allocation
Answer: a) A register that holds the base address of a segment
Which memory management technique is best suited for managing large data structures efficiently?
a) Segmentation
b) Paging
c) Swapping
d) Buffering
Answer: a) Segmentation
What is the impact of “internal fragmentation” on system performance in paging systems?
a) It wastes memory within allocated pages, leading to inefficient memory usage
b) It causes memory access errors
c) It results in increased disk I/O
d) It reduces the size of the page table
Answer: a) It wastes memory within allocated pages, leading to inefficient memory usage
In a paging system, what is a “page table entry” used for?
a) To store the mapping between virtual page numbers and physical page frames
b) To manage segment limits
c) To handle page faults
d) To allocate disk space
Answer: a) To store the mapping between virtual page numbers and physical page frames
What is a “logical address” in a segmentation system?
a) An address generated by the CPU used in the context of a segment
b) An address that corresponds to physical memory
c) An address used for disk storage
d) An address within the page table
Answer: a) An address generated by the CPU used in the context of a segment
Which of the following statements best describes the concept of “segmentation fault”?
a) An error that occurs when a program accesses an invalid segment
b) An error that occurs when a page is not found in physical memory
c) A hardware malfunction
d) An error related to CPU cache
Answer: a) An error that occurs when a program accesses an invalid segment
What does “page replacement” refer to in a paging system?
a) The process of replacing an old page in physical memory with a new page
b) The process of dividing memory into pages
c) The process of swapping segments between memory and disk
d) The process of allocating memory to new processes
Answer: a) The process of replacing an old page in physical memory with a new page
How does “paging” handle the issue of memory fragmentation?
a) By dividing memory into fixed-size pages to minimize fragmentation
b) By allocating variable-sized segments
c) By increasing physical memory size
d) By using a larger page table
Answer: a) By dividing memory into fixed-size pages to minimize fragmentation
What is the purpose of a “segment limit” in segmentation systems?
a) To define the maximum size of a segment and prevent access beyond this limit
b) To manage the size of pages
c) To handle disk storage allocation
d) To increase the size of the page table
Answer: a) To define the maximum size of a segment and prevent access beyond this limit
What does the term “paging” typically refer to in operating systems?
a) Dividing memory into equal-sized blocks and managing them
b) Allocating memory in variable-sized blocks
c) Increasing the size of segments
d) Managing disk I/O operations
Answer: a) Dividing memory into equal-sized blocks and managing them
What is the effect of a “page fault” on system performance?
a) It can slow down system performance as the required page is loaded from disk into physical memory
b) It increases the size of physical memory
c) It speeds up address translation
d) It reduces the number of processes
Answer: a) It can slow down system performance as the required page is loaded from disk into physical memory
Which memory management technique is generally more complex to implement: paging or segmentation?
a) Segmentation, due to variable-sized segments and additional management overhead
b) Paging, due to fixed-size pages and simpler management
c) Both are equally complex
d) Neither is complex to implement
Answer: a) Segmentation, due to variable-sized segments and additional management overhead
What is the role of “page directory” in a paging system?
a) To map virtual addresses to page tables
b) To manage segment limits
c) To handle page faults
d) To increase physical memory size
Answer: a) To map virtual addresses to page tables
Which memory management technique is preferred for systems where logical divisions of a program are more important than fixed-size memory blocks?
a) Segmentation
b) Paging
c) Swapping
d) Buffering
Answer: a) Segmentation
What is the primary advantage of segmentation over paging in terms of program structure?
a) It supports logical divisions such as code, data, and stack, which are more aligned with program structure
b) It reduces the number of page faults
c) It simplifies address translation
d) It eliminates internal fragmentation
Answer: a) It supports logical divisions such as code, data, and stack, which are more aligned with program structure
In which scenario is paging particularly advantageous?
a) When fixed-size memory blocks are needed for efficient memory management
b) When managing variable-sized data structures
c) When organizing program code into logical units
d) When reducing external fragmentation
Answer: a) When fixed-size memory blocks are needed for efficient memory management
What is the impact of “external fragmentation” on memory management in segmentation?
a) It can lead to wasted memory space between allocated segments
b) It causes internal fragmentation within segments
c) It reduces the efficiency of page replacement algorithms
d) It improves memory access speed
Answer: a) It can lead to wasted memory space between allocated segments
How does “paging” handle memory allocation differently from “segmentation”?
a) Paging uses fixed-size pages, while segmentation uses variable-sized segments
b) Paging uses variable-sized pages, while segmentation uses fixed-size segments
c) Paging and segmentation are identical in memory allocation
d) Paging allocates memory directly from disk, while segmentation allocates from physical memory
Answer: a) Paging uses fixed-size pages, while segmentation uses variable-sized segments
What is a “page replacement algorithm”?
a) An algorithm used to decide which pages to evict from physical memory when it is full
b) An algorithm used to manage segment limits
c) An algorithm used to increase physical memory size
d) An algorithm used to handle disk I/O operations
Answer: a) An algorithm used to decide which pages to evict from physical memory when it is full
Which technique is often used in combination with paging to improve performance by reducing the number of page faults?
a) Using a translation lookaside buffer (TLB)
b) Increasing segment size
c) Reducing page size
d) Allocating more physical memory
Answer: a) Using a translation lookaside buffer (TLB)
In a segmentation system, what is a “segment base address”?
a) The starting address of a segment in physical memory
b) The address of a page in virtual memory
c) The location of the page table
d) The limit of a segment
Answer: a) The starting address of a segment in physical memory
Which of the following best describes “swapping” in the context of paging?
a) The process of moving pages between physical memory and disk storage
b) The process of dividing memory into segments
c) The process of managing page faults
d) The process of increasing page size
Answer: a) The process of moving pages between physical memory and disk storage
What is the role of “paging” in a virtual memory system?
a) To manage memory by dividing it into fixed-size blocks
b) To manage memory by dividing it into variable-sized segments
c) To handle disk I/O operations
d) To increase the size of physical memory
Answer: a) To manage memory by dividing it into fixed-size blocks
In a segmentation system, how is a “logical address” translated to a “physical address”?
a) By using the segment base address and adding the offset within the segment
b) By using the page table to find the page frame
c) By increasing the page size
d) By allocating more physical memory
Answer: a) By using the segment base address and adding the offset within the segment
Which term describes the issue where memory allocation can lead to wasted space between allocated segments?
a) External fragmentation
b) Internal fragmentation
c) Page faults
d) Memory overcommitment
Answer: a) External fragmentation
What is the main benefit of using a “translation lookaside buffer” (TLB) in a paging system?
a) To speed up address translation by caching recent virtual-to-physical address mappings
b) To manage segment limits
c) To handle page faults
d) To increase the size of the page table
Answer: a) To speed up address translation by caching recent virtual-to-physical address mappings
In a virtual memory system, how does “paging” address the problem of external fragmentation?
a) By dividing memory into fixed-size pages, which helps prevent fragmentation
b) By using variable-sized segments
c) By increasing the size of the page table
d) By managing disk storage
Answer: a) By dividing memory into fixed-size pages, which helps prevent fragmentation
What is the impact of “page size” on the efficiency of a paging system?
a) A larger page size reduces the number of pages but increases internal fragmentation
b) A smaller page size reduces internal fragmentation but increases the number of pages
c) Both large and small page sizes have no impact on system performance
d) Page size has no impact on the efficiency of a paging system
Answer: a) A larger page size reduces the number of pages but increases internal fragmentation
Which of the following best describes “segmentation fault”?
a) An error caused by accessing an invalid segment of memory
b) An error caused by accessing a missing page in physical memory
c) An error related to disk storage
d) An error in the page replacement algorithm
Answer: a) An error caused by accessing an invalid segment of memory
How does a “page directory” facilitate memory management in paging systems?
a) By mapping virtual addresses to page tables, which manage page frames
b) By handling segment limits and base addresses
c) By managing disk storage allocation
d) By increasing the size of physical memory
Answer: a) By mapping virtual addresses to page tables, which manage page frames
What does the term “segmentation” refer to in computer memory management?
a) The division of memory into variable-sized segments based on program structure
b) The division of memory into fixed-size pages
c) The process of swapping pages between memory and disk
d) The management of physical memory allocation
Answer: a) The division of memory into variable-sized segments based on program structure
Which technique is often used to reduce the overhead of managing large page tables in a paging system?
a) Hierarchical paging with multi-level page tables
b) Using fixed-size segments
c) Reducing page size
d) Increasing physical memory size
Answer: a) Hierarchical paging with multi-level page tables
In a segmentation system, what does the “segment limit” define?
a) The maximum allowable size of a segment
b) The starting address of a segment
c) The size of a page frame
d) The maximum number of segments
Answer: a) The maximum allowable size of a segment
What is the purpose of “dynamic memory allocation” in segmentation?
a) To allocate and deallocate segments based on program needs at runtime
b) To manage fixed-size pages
c) To handle page faults
d) To increase the size of physical memory
Answer: a) To allocate and deallocate segments based on program needs at runtime
Which memory management technique is better suited for handling programs with variable-sized data structures?
a) Segmentation
b) Paging
c) Swapping
d) Caching
Answer: a) Segmentation
What does “internal fragmentation” refer to in a paging system?
a) Wasted space within allocated pages due to fixed-size page blocks
b) Wasted space between pages
c) Memory that is inaccessible
d) Overlap of virtual and physical memory
Answer: a) Wasted space within allocated pages due to fixed-size page blocks
In a paging system, how does the “page replacement algorithm” affect performance?
a) It determines which pages to evict from physical memory when it becomes full, impacting overall system performance
b) It increases the size of the page table
c) It manages segment allocation
d) It handles disk I/O operations
Answer: a) It determines which pages to evict from physical memory when it becomes full, impacting overall system performance
Which technique is used to improve performance by reducing the number of page faults in a paging system?
a) Increasing the page size
b) Using a translation lookaside buffer (TLB)
c) Reducing the number of segments
d) Increasing the size of physical memory
Answer: b) Using a translation lookaside buffer (TLB)
What is the primary role of “paging” in modern operating systems?
a) To manage virtual memory by dividing it into fixed-size blocks
b) To handle disk storage allocation
c) To manage variable-sized data structures
d) To increase the size of the CPU cache
Answer: a) To manage virtual memory by dividing it into fixed-size blocks
How does “paging” differ from “segmentation” in terms of memory allocation?
a) Paging uses fixed-size blocks, while segmentation uses variable-sized blocks based on logical units
b) Paging uses variable-sized blocks, while segmentation uses fixed-size blocks
c) Paging and segmentation are the same in memory allocation
d) Paging manages disk storage, while segmentation manages physical memory
Answer: a) Paging uses fixed-size blocks, while segmentation uses variable-sized blocks based on logical units
What does “external fragmentation” refer to in memory management?
a) Wasted space outside allocated memory blocks due to variable-sized segments
b) Wasted space within allocated memory blocks
c) Fragmentation of the page table
d) Overlap of virtual and physical memory
Answer: a) Wasted space outside allocated memory blocks due to variable-sized segments
In a paging system, how is “virtual memory” related to “physical memory”?
a) Virtual memory is divided into pages that are mapped to physical memory page frames
b) Virtual memory and physical memory are the same
c) Virtual memory is larger than physical memory and does not require mapping
d) Virtual memory is used exclusively for disk storage
Answer: a) Virtual memory is divided into pages that are mapped to physical memory page frames
Which of the following best describes “segment base address”?
a) The starting address of a segment in physical memory used for address translation
b) The address of a page in virtual memory
c) The size of a page frame
d) The limit of a segment
Answer: a) The starting address of a segment in physical memory used for address translation
What is a common technique used to manage “page faults” effectively?
a) Swapping pages between physical memory and disk storage
b) Increasing the segment size
c) Reducing the page size
d) Managing CPU caches
Answer: a) Swapping pages between physical memory and disk storage
What role does “hierarchical paging” play in memory management?
a) It reduces the size of page tables by using a multi-level structure for address translation
b) It manages segment allocation
c) It handles page faults
d) It increases the size of physical memory
Answer: a) It reduces the size of page tables by using a multi-level structure for address translation
In a segmentation system, how is the “offset” used?
a) To specify the position within a segment
b) To determine the size of the page
c) To manage disk storage
d) To handle page faults
Answer: a) To specify the position within a segment
Which memory management technique is more efficient for systems that require large contiguous blocks of memory?
a) Segmentation
b) Paging
c) Swapping
d) Caching
Answer: a) Segmentation
What is the purpose of “dynamic linking” in segmentation systems?
a) To link different segments of a program at runtime
b) To handle fixed-size pages
c) To manage page replacement
d) To allocate additional physical memory
Answer: a) To link different segments of a program at runtime
Which term describes the management of virtual-to-physical address mapping in a paging system?
a) Address translation
b) Segmentation
c) Swapping
d) Buffering
Answer: a) Address translation
How does “internal fragmentation” affect paging efficiency?
a) It leads to wasted memory within allocated pages, reducing overall memory efficiency
b) It increases the number of page faults
c) It reduces external fragmentation
d) It increases the number of segments
Answer: a) It leads to wasted memory within allocated pages, reducing overall memory efficiency
Read More Computer Architecture MCQs
- SET 1: Computer Architecture MCQs
- SET 2: Computer Architecture MCQs
- SET 3: Computer Architecture MCQs
- SET 4: Computer Architecture MCQs
- SET 5: Computer Architecture MCQs
- SET 6: Computer Architecture MCQs
- SET 7: Computer Architecture MCQs
- SET 8: Computer Architecture MCQs
- SET 9: Computer Architecture MCQs
- Introduction to Computer Architecture MCQs
- Basic Components of a Computer System MCQs
- CPU Organization MCQs
- Instruction Set Architecture (ISA) MCQs
- Microarchitecture MCQs
- Memory Hierarchy MCQs
- Cache Memory MCQs
- Input/Output Organization MCQs
- Bus Architecture MCQs
- Performance Metrics MCQs
- Parallelism in Computer Architecture MCQs
- Multicore and Multiprocessor Systems MCQs
- Control Unit Design MCQs
- Pipeline Hazards MCQs
- Branch Prediction and Speculation MCQs
- Arithmetic and Logic Operations MCQs
- Memory Management MCQs
- Power and Energy Efficiency MCQs
- Advanced Topics MCQs
- Emerging Trends