Bone Structure and Function MCQs

By: Prof. Dr. Fazal Rehman Shamil | Last updated: September 28, 2024

The primary function of bones is to:
A) Protect soft tissues
B) Store minerals
C) Produce blood cells
D) All of the above
Answer: D) All of the above

Which of the following is a type of bone cell responsible for forming new bone?
A) Osteoclast
B) Osteoblast
C) Chondrocyte
D) Osteocyte
Answer: B) Osteoblast

Which of the following bones is part of the axial skeleton?
A) Femur
B) Tibia
C) Sternum
D) Humerus
Answer: C) Sternum

Bone marrow is responsible for:
A) Storing calcium
B) Producing red and white blood cells
C) Producing cartilage
D) All of the above
Answer: B) Producing red and white blood cells

Which mineral is essential for the strength and structure of bones?
A) Iron
B) Potassium
C) Calcium
D) Sodium
Answer: C) Calcium

The type of joint found in the shoulder and hip is called a:
A) Hinge joint
B) Ball and socket joint
C) Pivot joint
D) Saddle joint
Answer: B) Ball and socket joint

Which bone is part of the appendicular skeleton?
A) Skull
B) Rib
C) Radius
D) Vertebrae
Answer: C) Radius

The hard outer layer of bone is known as:
A) Periosteum
B) Compact bone
C) Spongy bone
D) Marrow
Answer: B) Compact bone

Which of the following bones is NOT part of the axial skeleton?
A) Skull
B) Vertebrae
C) Ribs
D) Clavicle
Answer: D) Clavicle

Osteoporosis is a condition characterized by:
A) Increased bone density
B) Brittle and fragile bones
C) Inflammation of joints
D) Bone infection
Answer: B) Brittle and fragile bones

Which bone protects the brain?
A) Femur
B) Skull
C) Radius
D) Scapula
Answer: B) Skull

Which type of bone is primarily responsible for producing red blood cells?
A) Compact bone
B) Spongy bone
C) Long bone
D) Short bone
Answer: B) Spongy bone

The long shaft of a bone is called the:
A) Epiphysis
B) Diaphysis
C) Metaphysis
D) Endosteum
Answer: B) Diaphysis

Which cells are responsible for breaking down bone tissue?
A) Osteoclasts
B) Osteoblasts
C) Chondrocytes
D) Osteocytes
Answer: A) Osteoclasts

Cartilage differs from bone in that it:
A) Contains blood vessels
B) Is more flexible and less dense
C) Contains calcium phosphate
D) Cannot regenerate
Answer: B) Is more flexible and less dense

Which part of the bone contains the growth plate?
A) Diaphysis
B) Epiphysis
C) Metaphysis
D) Endosteum
Answer: C) Metaphysis

The main function of osteocytes is to:
A) Break down bone
B) Produce new bone
C) Maintain bone tissue
D) Produce blood cells
Answer: C) Maintain bone tissue

Spongy bone is primarily located in the:
A) Diaphysis of long bones
B) Outer layer of all bones
C) Epiphyses of long bones
D) Center of short bones
Answer: C) Epiphyses of long bones

Which of the following is a function of the skeletal system?
A) Blood cell production
B) Detoxification
C) Regulation of body temperature
D) All of the above
Answer: A) Blood cell production

The vertebral column consists of how many bones in the adult human?
A) 26
B) 33
C) 24
D) 28
Answer: A) 26

The largest bone in the human body is the:
A) Femur
B) Tibia
C) Humerus
D) Pelvis
Answer: A) Femur

The small bone that makes up the lower part of the jaw is called the:
A) Maxilla
B) Zygomatic
C) Mandible
D) Nasal bone
Answer: C) Mandible

The sternum is commonly referred to as the:
A) Collarbone
B) Breastbone
C) Shoulder blade
D) Tailbone
Answer: B) Breastbone

Which of the following is NOT a bone of the arm?
A) Humerus
B) Ulna
C) Radius
D) Fibula
Answer: D) Fibula

What type of joint allows for rotation around a single axis?
A) Hinge joint
B) Pivot joint
C) Ball and socket joint
D) Saddle joint
Answer: B) Pivot joint

What is the function of synovial fluid in joints?
A) To break down cartilage
B) To reduce friction and nourish cartilage
C) To produce new bone cells
D) To protect against infection
Answer: B) To reduce friction and nourish cartilage

Which bone is not part of the skull?
A) Frontal bone
B) Temporal bone
C) Patella
D) Parietal bone
Answer: C) Patella

Which of the following is a flat bone?
A) Humerus
B) Sternum
C) Femur
D) Tibia
Answer: B) Sternum

The primary function of the rib cage is to:
A) Support the arms
B) Protect internal organs
C) Aid in movement
D) Produce blood cells
Answer: B) Protect internal organs

The scapula is commonly known as the:
A) Collarbone
B) Shoulder blade
C) Breastbone
D) Tailbone
Answer: B) Shoulder blade

What type of bone is the femur classified as?
A) Long bone
B) Short bone
C) Flat bone
D) Irregular bone
Answer: A) Long bone

The region where two bones meet is called a:
A) Cartilage
B) Joint
C) Ligament
D) Tendon
Answer: B) Joint

Ligaments connect:
A) Muscle to bone
B) Bone to bone
C) Muscle to muscle
D) Tendon to bone
Answer: B) Bone to bone

The patella is commonly referred to as the:
A) Shinbone
B) Kneecap
C) Elbow
D) Ankle bone
Answer: B) Kneecap

The spine consists of which types of vertebrae?
A) Cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, coccygeal
B) Cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, pelvic
C) Thoracic, lumbar, sacral, humeral, femoral
D) Cervical, humeral, thoracic, femoral, sacral
Answer: A) Cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, coccygeal

Bone tissue is primarily composed of which two components?
A) Collagen and phosphate
B) Calcium and potassium
C) Calcium and collagen
D) Calcium and iron
Answer: C) Calcium and collagen

The movement of a limb away from the midline of the body is called:
A) Flexion
B) Extension
C) Abduction
D) Adduction
Answer: C) Abduction

Which part of the vertebrae bears the most weight?
A) Cervical vertebrae
B) Thoracic vertebrae
C) Lumbar vertebrae
D) Sacral vertebrae
Answer: C) Lumbar vertebrae

Which of the following is the smallest bone in the human body?
A) Stapes
B) Tibia
C) Ulna
D) Patella
Answer: A) Stapes

What is the role of red bone marrow?
A) Produce fat cells
B) Produce blood cells
C) Store calcium
D) Aid in movement
Answer: B) Produce blood cells

Which part of the bone contains the yellow marrow?
A) Compact bone
B) Periosteum
C) Medullary cavity
D) Epiphysis
Answer: C) Medullary cavity

Which hormone regulates calcium levels in the blood and bones?
A) Insulin
B) Parathyroid hormone
C) Estrogen
D) Thyroxine
Answer: B) Parathyroid hormone

Bone remodeling is carried out by which two types of cells?
A) Osteoblasts and chondrocytes
B) Osteoblasts and osteoclasts
C) Osteocytes and chondrocytes
D) Osteoclasts and myocytes
Answer: B) Osteoblasts and osteoclasts

Which part of the skeletal system is primarily responsible for supporting the weight of the upper body?
A) Pelvic girdle
B) Pectoral girdle
C) Rib cage
D) Skull
Answer: A) Pelvic girdle

Which of the following bones forms the upper arm?
A) Ulna
B) Radius
C) Humerus
D) Clavicle
Answer: C) Humerus

Which bone is responsible for the protection of the heart and lungs?
A) Scapula
B) Ribs
C) Humerus
D) Vertebrae
Answer: B) Ribs

 

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