Finite Automata | Finite State Machines | Deterministic FSM

In the Theory of automata, languages can be defined with different techniques. Some of these are mentioned below;

\What is Finite State Automata or finite state machine?

The finite state machine is also famous with the following names;

  1. Finite state automata (FSA)
  2. Finite automata (FA)
  3. Finite machines
  4. Finite state machines

The finite state machine is designed for accepting and rejecting the different strings of the languages from the machine. All regular languages can be represented by the FA.

Symbols of Finite Automata (Finite State Machine FSM)

The finite state machine has the following parts;

Start state:  Representing the start of the machine.

Final state: Representing the successful end of the machine

Dead/Dummy State: Having no meaning in the generation of the string. It is only designed to full the requirements of the finite state machines that every state has one transition for each alphabet.

Transition: Representing the reading of the alphabets from the finite state machine.

Strings: Strings are characters or a set of characters that can be accepted or rejected by finite state machines.

finite automata fsa symbols

Rules of Finite Automata (Finite State Machine FSM)

1. Every state has strictly one transition for each alphabet. Suppose there two alphabets in the languages L={a,b}, then each state has strictly had two transitions. One transition for alphabet a and one transition for alphabet b. Let’s have another example, Suppose there three alphabets in the languages L={a,b,c}, then each state has strictly three transitions. One transition for alphabet a, one transition for alphabet b and one transition for alphabet c.

2. If the generation of any alphabet from a transition is the cause of generating some strings that are not the part of the language, and it becomes very necessary to put that alphabet on some transition, then generates the alphabet and move the machine to the dead/dummy state. Dummy state means that machine will not generate any string.

3. Every string that is part of the language should be accepted by the FSA and every string that is not part of the language should be rejected by the FSA.

4. Every language that can be generated by a regular expression can be generated by FSA.


Finite automata for single a

0 is the starting state. 1 is the ending state. 2 is the dummy state.

From state 0 we will start and read a and move to the state a and this is ending state and now we are at ending state. So, it means that the strings is accepted.

Why we generate a transition of a from state 1 to state 2?

Its only to fulfill the rule that every state must have one transition of each alphabet of the langauge. No more transition, no less transition.

finite automata for single a
finite automata for single a
deterministic finite automata for a asterick
deterministic finite automata for a*

Deterministic Finite automata for a or b

 

determistic finite automata for a or b
deterministic finite automata for a or b

Deterministic Finite automata for a or b whole asterisk (a+b)*

 

DFA determistic finite automata for a or b whole asterick
DFA  for a or b whole asterisk (a+b)*

 

Deterministic Finite automata for a(a+b)*

DFA determistic finite automata easiest example from basic

Deterministic finite automata examples and solutions

Example 1

Language of all those strings follows the following rules;

  • can’t have odd a’s except single a
  • can have many b with even a’s or no a’s.

 

finite machines

Example 2

Language of all those strings follows the following rules;

  • can’t have odd a’s except single a
  • can have many b with even a’s or no a’s.

 

finite state machine

Example 3

Language of all those strings follows the following rules;

  • can have many b or many or no aa but all strings must ends with only ba or a.

finite automata

Example 4

Language of all those strings follows the following rules;

  • must starts with a and then can have no or many a’s or b’s and ends with only ba or a

deterministic finite automata

 

Example 5

Language of all those strings follows the following rules;

  • starts with aba and then can have no or many aa and many b and always ends with ba.

finite state automata

Example 6

Language of all those strings follows the following rules;

  • many b’s but only at the begining
  • many or no aaa or bbb and then always ends with bs.

finite state machine example

Example 7

Language of all those strings follows the following rules;

  • can have no or many aaa’s or bbb’s and always end with ba.

finite automata examples

Example 8

Language of all those strings follows the following rules;

  • always starts with aa or bb and then can have no or many aa’s or b’s and then always must end with ba.

finite automata definition

Example 9

Language of all those strings follows the following rules;

  • only two strings are accepted, 11000 or 11100 and no more string.

finite state machine python

Example 10

Language of all those strings follows the following rules;

always ends with 000 or 100 and can have no or many 11’s in the starting of the string.

FSM Automata

Example 11

non deterministic finite automata

Example 12

fsm machine

Example 13

Language of all those strings follows the following rules;

finite automata in toc

Example 14

Language of all those strings follows the following rules;

deterministic finite automata examples

Example 15

Language of all those strings follows the following rules;

finite state machine definition

Example 16

Language of all those strings follows the following rules;

fsm examples

Example 17

Language of all those strings follows the following rules;

types of finite automata

Example 18

Language of all those strings follows the following rules;

finite automata geeks

Example 19

Language of all those strings follows the following rules;

finite automata tutorials

Example 20

Language of all those strings follows the following rules;

finite automata t4tutorials

Example 21

Language of all those strings follows the following rules;

finite automata with t4tutorials

Example 22

finite automata by Cohen

Example 23

finite automata Cohen Excercise

Example 24

automata Cohen Excercise solution

Example 25

Finite Machines Cohen Excercise solution

Example 26

DFA

Example 27

Example 28

DFA Examples

Valid string’s

Examples of some(not all) valid strings are mentioned below;
Length 1= { no strings}
Length 2= {no strings}
Length 3= {aba , bab, no more string}
Length 4= {abaa, abab, baba, babb, no more string}
Invalid strings

Examples of some(not all) invalid strings are mentioned below;
Length 1= { a,b, no more string}
Length 2= {ab, ba, aa, bb, no more string}
Length 3= { aaa, bbb, baa, abb, bba,………and many other similar strings }
Length 4= {aaaa, bbbb, bbaa, aabb,……. and many other similar strings}

Example 29

Theory of automata by Cohen finite automata examples

Example 30

Example 31

Example 32

DFA

Example 33

DFA Cohen

Example 34

dfa automata

Example 35

dfa finite automata

Example 36

closure property automata dfa

VALID STRINGS

Examples of some(not all) valid strings are mentioned below;
Strings of length 1={10,11, and no more}
Strings of length4 ={1000,1011,1100,1111, and no more strings}
Strings of length 8={10000000,11000000,11111111,….. and many other similar strings}

INVAID STRING

Examples of some(not all) invalid strings are mentioned below;
Strings of length 2={00, and no more strings}
Strings of length 3={001,100,and more strings}
Strings of length 8={11011111,110100,and more strings}

 

Example 37

Example 38

dfa examples automata two input sets

Example 39

dfa solutions finite automata

Example 40

dfa for four inputs automata

Example 41

dfa four inputs automata theory

Example 42

deterministic finite automata complex examples

Valid strings:

Examples of some(not all) valid strings are mentioned below;
Length 1: {No possible valid strings of length 1}
Length 2: {ab, bb, cc, dd and no more possible valid string of length 2}
Length 3: {No possible valid strings of length 3}
Length 4: {abbb, abcc, abdd, bbcc, bbdd, bbab, ccdd, and many more possible strings of length 4}
Invalid strings:

Examples of some(not all) invalid strings are mentioned below;
Length 1: {a, b, c, d, and no possible invalid strings of length 1}
Length 2: {aa, ba, bc, cb,……. and many other similar strings}
Length 3: {aba, abb, acc, abd, add, bcd, dba……. and many other similar strings}
Length 4: {babb, cbba, dcba, ddbc, bbcd……. and many other similar strings}

Example 43

finite automata tough examples

Example 44

DFA theory of computation

Example 45

DFA theory of AUTOMATA

Example 46

TOC DFA

Example 47

DFA automata for a b c d

Example 48

theory of automata by cohen finite automata exercise

Example 49

theory of computation solved examples

Regular Expression: ad (a + b + c) * bacd
Valid Strings

Examples of some(not all) valid strings are mentioned below;
Valid Strings of Length 1 = No Possible Strings
Valid Strings of Length 2 = No Possible Strings
Valid Strings of Length 3 = No Possible Strings
Valid Strings of Length 4 = No Possible Strings
Invalid Strings

Examples of some(not all) invalid strings are mentioned below;
Invalid Strings of Length 1 = {a, b, c, d, No More Possible Strings}
Invalid Strings of Length 2 = {ad, aa, ac, ad,…. and many other similar strings}
Invalid Strings of Length 3 = {adc, adb, ada,…. and many other similar strings}
Invalid Strings of Length 4 = {adac, abdc, aabac,…. and many other similar strings}

Turing Machine Comparison with Regular Expression , CFG, PDA and Deterministic Finite Automata
Turing Machine Comparison with Regular Expression , CFG, PDA and Deterministic Finite Automata

Finite Automata Exercise Solution

Here I am showing you a list of some more important Deterministic Finite Automata used in the theory of automata and theory of computation.

  1. DFA for  (a+b)* (a+b)a .
  2. DFA for (bb)*(aa)* .
  3. DFA for  b+a(a+b)*+a.
  4. DFA for (a+b)*b+(bb)*a.
  5. DFA for bb+a(a+b)*+aa.
  6. DFA for  a(a+b)*+bb(a)* .
  7. DFA for  a(a+b)b*+bb(a)*.
  8. DFA for  b(aa)*a+a(bb)*b.
  9. DFA for a+a(aa+b)*(aa)b.
  10. DFA for a+a(aa+b)*+(aa)b.
  11. DFA for (a+b)b(a+b)*+(aa)*b.
  12. FA for strings starting with a and ending with a.
  13. FA for the language of all those strings starting with a.
  14. FA for the language of all those strings containing aa as a substring.
  15. DFA for the language of all those strings starting and ending with the same letters.
  16. DFA for the language of all those strings starting and ending with different letters.
  17. DFA for the language of all those strings having double 0 or double 1.
  18. DFA for the language of all those strings starting and ending with b.
  19. DFA for ending with b.
  20. DFA for the string of even A’s and even b’s.
  21. DFA for the regular expression of  a(a+b)*+(bb)+a(ba)*+aba+bb*(a+b)*.
  22. RegExp and DFA for strings having triple a’s or triple b’s.
  23. Finite Automata of all strings divisible by 4
  24. Finite automata for all strings with at least one a
  25. Finite automata for all strings with at least two a
  26. Finite automata for all strings with exactly two b
  27. Finite automata for at least one a and at least one b
  28. Finite automata for strings end in a double letter (two a’s or two b’s)
  29. Finite Automata for All strings containing exactly one a

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