Rickets and osteomalacia MCQs

By: Prof. Dr. Fazal Rehman Shamil | Last updated: September 28, 2024

What is the primary cause of rickets in children?
a) Vitamin D deficiency
b) Excessive calcium intake
c) High protein diet
d) Genetic disorders
Answer: a) Vitamin D deficiency

What is a common symptom of rickets?
a) Severe headaches
b) Bone pain and tenderness
c) Increased height
d) Joint swelling
Answer: b) Bone pain and tenderness

What age group is most commonly affected by rickets?
a) Infants and young children
b) Adolescents
c) Adults
d) Elderly individuals
Answer: a) Infants and young children

Which dietary deficiency is primarily associated with osteomalacia?
a) Vitamin C
b) Vitamin D
c) Vitamin A
d) Vitamin K
Answer: b) Vitamin D

What is a common consequence of untreated rickets?
a) Improved bone strength
b) Deformities such as bowed legs
c) Enhanced muscle growth
d) Increased flexibility
Answer: b) Deformities such as bowed legs

Which population is at higher risk for developing osteomalacia?
a) Pregnant women
b) Athletes
c) Vegetarians with poor diet
d) Children
Answer: c) Vegetarians with poor diet

What role does sunlight play in the prevention of rickets?
a) It decreases calcium absorption
b) It helps synthesize vitamin D
c) It has no effect
d) It inhibits bone growth
Answer: b) It helps synthesize vitamin D

What is a hallmark radiographic feature of rickets?
a) Thickened cortical bone
b) Looser zones
c) Fractures
d) Increased bone density
Answer: b) Looser zones

What is the primary treatment for rickets?
a) Surgery
b) Calcium and vitamin D supplementation
c) Antidepressants
d) Physical therapy
Answer: b) Calcium and vitamin D supplementation

Which of the following can lead to osteomalacia?
a) Hypercalcemia
b) Chronic liver disease
c) Increased physical activity
d) Balanced diet
Answer: b) Chronic liver disease

What is the effect of rickets on bone structure?
a) Increased density
b) Weak and soft bones
c) Rigid bones
d) Decreased flexibility
Answer: b) Weak and soft bones

Which symptom is NOT typically associated with osteomalacia?
a) Muscle weakness
b) Bone pain
c) Decreased appetite
d) High fever
Answer: d) High fever

What is the primary source of vitamin D for humans?
a) Sunlight exposure
b) Drinking water
c) Fruits
d) Red meat
Answer: a) Sunlight exposure

Which condition is a potential consequence of rickets in older children?
a) Increased muscle mass
b) Growth spurts
c) Bone deformities
d) Improved coordination
Answer: c) Bone deformities

What dietary source is rich in vitamin D?
a) Spinach
b) Fortified milk
c) Apples
d) Rice
Answer: b) Fortified milk

What is the relationship between vitamin D and calcium absorption?
a) Vitamin D inhibits calcium absorption
b) Vitamin D has no effect on calcium
c) Vitamin D enhances calcium absorption
d) Calcium decreases vitamin D levels
Answer: c) Vitamin D enhances calcium absorption

Which bone is commonly affected in rickets leading to deformity?
a) Rib
b) Femur
c) Skull
d) Spine
Answer: b) Femur

What is the typical treatment duration for rickets with vitamin D supplementation?
a) A few days
b) Several weeks to months
c) Only one week
d) Indefinitely
Answer: b) Several weeks to months

What is a risk factor for developing rickets?
a) High sun exposure
b) Low socioeconomic status
c) Adequate nutrition
d) Regular exercise
Answer: b) Low socioeconomic status

Which of the following is NOT a symptom of osteomalacia?
a) Bone fragility
b) Normal bone density
c) Muscle weakness
d) Bone pain
Answer: b) Normal bone density

Which hormone regulates calcium and phosphate metabolism?
a) Insulin
b) Parathyroid hormone
c) Thyroid hormone
d) Glucagon
Answer: b) Parathyroid hormone

What is the effect of osteomalacia on the skeletal system?
a) Increased bone strength
b) Softening of bones
c) Decreased flexibility
d) Thickening of bones
Answer: b) Softening of bones

What is a common method of diagnosing rickets?
a) Blood test for calcium and vitamin D levels
b) Muscle biopsy
c) Electrocardiogram
d) Urinalysis
Answer: a) Blood test for calcium and vitamin D levels

Which of the following can indicate a deficiency of vitamin D?
a) High levels of calcium in the blood
b) Low levels of parathyroid hormone
c) Increased alkaline phosphatase
d) Decreased bone density
Answer: c) Increased alkaline phosphatase

What condition may mimic rickets but is due to metabolic factors?
a) Osteogenesis imperfecta
b) Osteopetrosis
c) Fibrous dysplasia
d) Osteomalacia
Answer: d) Osteomalacia

What is the recommended treatment for adults with osteomalacia?
a) Increase fluid intake
b) Surgery
c) Vitamin D and calcium supplementation
d) High-protein diet
Answer: c) Vitamin D and calcium supplementation

Which group is at risk for vitamin D deficiency leading to rickets?
a) Those with high sun exposure
b) Breastfed infants without supplementation
c) Individuals consuming fortified foods
d) Active athletes
Answer: b) Breastfed infants without supplementation

What is a common sign of rickets in children?
a) Increased muscle tone
b) Delayed motor skills
c) Bowed legs
d) Decreased height
Answer: c) Bowed legs

Which vitamin is crucial for bone health alongside vitamin D?
a) Vitamin B12
b) Vitamin C
c) Vitamin A
d) Vitamin K
Answer: d) Vitamin K

What condition may arise from severe vitamin D deficiency in adults?
a) Osteoporosis
b) Paget’s disease
c) Osteomalacia
d) Osteogenesis imperfecta
Answer: c) Osteomalacia

What is the primary function of calcium in the body?
a) Hormone regulation
b) Muscle contraction
c) Energy production
d) Blood circulation
Answer: b) Muscle contraction

Which of the following is a characteristic feature of osteomalacia on X-rays?
a) Increased bone density
b) Reduced bone density and Looser zones
c) Fractures
d) Normal bone structure
Answer: b) Reduced bone density and Looser zones

What is the long-term consequence of untreated osteomalacia?
a) Improved bone density
b) Fractures and skeletal deformities
c) Enhanced muscle strength
d) Decreased risk of falls
Answer: b) Fractures and skeletal deformities

What lifestyle change can help prevent rickets and osteomalacia?
a) Reducing sun exposure
b) Increasing physical activity
c) Avoiding dairy products
d) High-fat diet
Answer: b) Increasing physical activity

Which population is particularly vulnerable to developing rickets due to dietary restrictions?
a) Vegan children
b) Older adults
c) Postmenopausal women
d) Athletes
Answer: a) Vegan children

What is the role of phosphorus in bone health?
a) It decreases bone mineralization
b) It is essential for bone formation
c) It has no effect on bone health
d) It inhibits calcium absorption
Answer: b) It is essential for bone formation

What test is often performed to evaluate vitamin D levels?
a) Complete blood count
b) Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D test
c) Thyroid function test
d) Liver function test
Answer: b) Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D test

Which of the following is an effective public health measure to prevent rickets?
a) Fortification of food with vitamin D
b) Promoting a low-calcium diet
c) Limiting outdoor activities
d) Reducing vitamin D supplementation
Answer: a) Fortification of food with vitamin D

What is the effect of long-term corticosteroid use on bone health?
a) Increases bone density
b) Causes bone loss and increases fracture risk
c) Has no effect on bones
d) Enhances bone healing
Answer: b) Causes bone loss and increases fracture risk

What is a key diagnostic feature of osteomalacia in adults?
a) Increased bone density
b) Bone pain and tenderness
c) Hypercalcemia
d) Growth spurts
Answer: b) Bone pain and tenderness

 

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