Rickets and osteomalacia MCQs

By: Prof. Dr. Fazal Rehman | Last updated: September 28, 2024

What is the primary cause of rickets in children? a) Vitamin D deficiency b) Excessive calcium intake c) High protein diet d) Genetic disorders Answer: a) Vitamin D deficiency What is a common symptom of rickets? a) Severe headaches b) Bone pain and tenderness c) Increased height d) Joint swelling Answer: b) Bone pain and tenderness What age group is most commonly affected by rickets? a) Infants and young children b) Adolescents c) Adults d) Elderly individuals Answer: a) Infants and young children Which dietary deficiency is primarily associated with osteomalacia? a) Vitamin C b) Vitamin D c) Vitamin A d) Vitamin K Answer: b) Vitamin D What is a common consequence of untreated rickets? a) Improved bone strength b) Deformities such as bowed legs c) Enhanced muscle growth d) Increased flexibility Answer: b) Deformities such as bowed legs Which population is at higher risk for developing osteomalacia? a) Pregnant women b) Athletes c) Vegetarians with poor diet d) Children Answer: c) Vegetarians with poor diet What role does sunlight play in the prevention of rickets? a) It decreases calcium absorption b) It helps synthesize vitamin D c) It has no effect d) It inhibits bone growth Answer: b) It helps synthesize vitamin D What is a hallmark radiographic feature of rickets? a) Thickened cortical bone b) Looser zones c) Fractures d) Increased bone density Answer: b) Looser zones What is the primary treatment for rickets? a) Surgery b) Calcium and vitamin D supplementation c) Antidepressants d) Physical therapy Answer: b) Calcium and vitamin D supplementation Which of the following can lead to osteomalacia? a) Hypercalcemia b) Chronic liver disease c) Increased physical activity d) Balanced diet Answer: b) Chronic liver disease What is the effect of rickets on bone structure? a) Increased density b) Weak and soft bones c) Rigid bones d) Decreased flexibility Answer: b) Weak and soft bones Which symptom is NOT typically associated with osteomalacia? a) Muscle weakness b) Bone pain c) Decreased appetite d) High fever Answer: d) High fever What is the primary source of vitamin D for humans? a) Sunlight exposure b) Drinking water c) Fruits d) Red meat Answer: a) Sunlight exposure Which condition is a potential consequence of rickets in older children? a) Increased muscle mass b) Growth spurts c) Bone deformities d) Improved coordination Answer: c) Bone deformities What dietary source is rich in vitamin D? a) Spinach b) Fortified milk c) Apples d) Rice Answer: b) Fortified milk What is the relationship between vitamin D and calcium absorption? a) Vitamin D inhibits calcium absorption b) Vitamin D has no effect on calcium c) Vitamin D enhances calcium absorption d) Calcium decreases vitamin D levels Answer: c) Vitamin D enhances calcium absorption Which bone is commonly affected in rickets leading to deformity? a) Rib b) Femur c) Skull d) Spine Answer: b) Femur What is the typical treatment duration for rickets with vitamin D supplementation? a) A few days b) Several weeks to months c) Only one week d) Indefinitely Answer: b) Several weeks to months What is a risk factor for developing rickets? a) High sun exposure b) Low socioeconomic status c) Adequate nutrition d) Regular exercise Answer: b) Low socioeconomic status Which of the following is NOT a symptom of osteomalacia? a) Bone fragility b) Normal bone density c) Muscle weakness d) Bone pain Answer: b) Normal bone density Which hormone regulates calcium and phosphate metabolism? a) Insulin b) Parathyroid hormone c) Thyroid hormone d) Glucagon Answer: b) Parathyroid hormone What is the effect of osteomalacia on the skeletal system? a) Increased bone strength b) Softening of bones c) Decreased flexibility d) Thickening of bones Answer: b) Softening of bones What is a common method of diagnosing rickets? a) Blood test for calcium and vitamin D levels b) Muscle biopsy c) Electrocardiogram d) Urinalysis Answer: a) Blood test for calcium and vitamin D levels Which of the following can indicate a deficiency of vitamin D? a) High levels of calcium in the blood b) Low levels of parathyroid hormone c) Increased alkaline phosphatase d) Decreased bone density Answer: c) Increased alkaline phosphatase What condition may mimic rickets but is due to metabolic factors? a) Osteogenesis imperfecta b) Osteopetrosis c) Fibrous dysplasia d) Osteomalacia Answer: d) Osteomalacia What is the recommended treatment for adults with osteomalacia? a) Increase fluid intake b) Surgery c) Vitamin D and calcium supplementation d) High-protein diet Answer: c) Vitamin D and calcium supplementation Which group is at risk for vitamin D deficiency leading to rickets? a) Those with high sun exposure b) Breastfed infants without supplementation c) Individuals consuming fortified foods d) Active athletes Answer: b) Breastfed infants without supplementation What is a common sign of rickets in children? a) Increased muscle tone b) Delayed motor skills c) Bowed legs d) Decreased height Answer: c) Bowed legs Which vitamin is crucial for bone health alongside vitamin D? a) Vitamin B12 b) Vitamin C c) Vitamin A d) Vitamin K Answer: d) Vitamin K What condition may arise from severe vitamin D deficiency in adults? a) Osteoporosis b) Paget’s disease c) Osteomalacia d) Osteogenesis imperfecta Answer: c) Osteomalacia What is the primary function of calcium in the body? a) Hormone regulation b) Muscle contraction c) Energy production d) Blood circulation Answer: b) Muscle contraction Which of the following is a characteristic feature of osteomalacia on X-rays? a) Increased bone density b) Reduced bone density and Looser zones c) Fractures d) Normal bone structure Answer: b) Reduced bone density and Looser zones What is the long-term consequence of untreated osteomalacia? a) Improved bone density b) Fractures and skeletal deformities c) Enhanced muscle strength d) Decreased risk of falls Answer: b) Fractures and skeletal deformities What lifestyle change can help prevent rickets and osteomalacia? a) Reducing sun exposure b) Increasing physical activity c) Avoiding dairy products d) High-fat diet Answer: b) Increasing physical activity Which population is particularly vulnerable to developing rickets due to dietary restrictions? a) Vegan children b) Older adults c) Postmenopausal women d) Athletes Answer: a) Vegan children What is the role of phosphorus in bone health? a) It decreases bone mineralization b) It is essential for bone formation c) It has no effect on bone health d) It inhibits calcium absorption Answer: b) It is essential for bone formation What test is often performed to evaluate vitamin D levels? a) Complete blood count b) Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D test c) Thyroid function test d) Liver function test Answer: b) Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D test Which of the following is an effective public health measure to prevent rickets? a) Fortification of food with vitamin D b) Promoting a low-calcium diet c) Limiting outdoor activities d) Reducing vitamin D supplementation Answer: a) Fortification of food with vitamin D What is the effect of long-term corticosteroid use on bone health? a) Increases bone density b) Causes bone loss and increases fracture risk c) Has no effect on bones d) Enhances bone healing Answer: b) Causes bone loss and increases fracture risk What is a key diagnostic feature of osteomalacia in adults? a) Increased bone density b) Bone pain and tenderness c) Hypercalcemia d) Growth spurts Answer: b) Bone pain and tenderness  

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