Pediatric Endocrinology (hormonal disorders in children) MCQs
Pediatric Endocrinology MCQs
Which condition is characterized by excessive thirst and frequent urination in children?
a) Diabetes mellitus
b) Cystic fibrosis
c) Hypothyroidism
d) Adrenal insufficiency
Answer: a) Diabetes mellitus
What is the most common cause of congenital hypothyroidism in newborns?
a) Thyroid dysgenesis
b) Autoimmune thyroiditis
c) Iodine deficiency
d) Pituitary dysfunction
Answer: a) Thyroid dysgenesis
Which condition presents with short stature and delayed puberty in children?
a) Growth hormone deficiency
b) Hyperthyroidism
c) Cushing’s syndrome
d) Diabetes insipidus
Answer: a) Growth hormone deficiency
What is the primary treatment for hyperthyroidism in children?
a) Antithyroid medications
b) Thyroid hormone replacement
c) Surgery
d) Radioactive iodine therapy
Answer: a) Antithyroid medications
Which condition is associated with excessive growth hormone production in children?
a) Acromegaly
b) Dwarfism
c) Gigantism
d) Addison’s disease
Answer: c) Gigantism
What is a common symptom of Addison’s disease in children?
a) Hyperpigmentation
b) Hypoglycemia
c) Hyperglycemia
d) Weight gain
Answer: a) Hyperpigmentation
Which of the following is a sign of hypoparathyroidism in children?
a) Tetany
b) Hypercalcemia
c) Kidney stones
d) Polyuria
Answer: a) Tetany
Which test is used to diagnose type 1 diabetes mellitus?
a) Hemoglobin A1c
b) Serum cortisol
c) TSH levels
d) Growth hormone stimulation test
Answer: a) Hemoglobin A1c
What is the most common cause of secondary adrenal insufficiency in children?
a) Pituitary tumors
b) Autoimmune adrenalitis
c) Congenital adrenal hyperplasia
d) Addison’s disease
Answer: a) Pituitary tumors
Which hormone is primarily elevated in children with congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH)?
a) Cortisol
b) Aldosterone
c) Androgens
d) Thyroxine
Answer: c) Androgens
A child with delayed growth and development, and a high TSH level likely has:
a) Hypothyroidism
b) Hyperthyroidism
c) Growth hormone deficiency
d) Cushing’s syndrome
Answer: a) Hypothyroidism
Which condition is associated with the excess production of cortisol in children?
a) Cushing’s syndrome
b) Addison’s disease
c) Hyperthyroidism
d) Hypoparathyroidism
Answer: a) Cushing’s syndrome
What is the main clinical feature of hyperparathyroidism in children?
a) Hypercalcemia
b) Hypoglycemia
c) Hyperkalemia
d) Hypocalcemia
Answer: a) Hypercalcemia
Which condition presents with early onset of secondary sexual characteristics in children?
a) Precocious puberty
b) Delayed puberty
c) Turner syndrome
d) Klinefelter syndrome
Answer: a) Precocious puberty
What is the primary diagnostic test for diagnosing diabetes insipidus in children?
a) Water deprivation test
b) Hemoglobin A1c
c) Serum cortisol
d) TSH levels
Answer: a) Water deprivation test
Which of the following conditions is associated with the presence of elevated serum insulin levels in children?
a) Insulinoma
b) Type 1 diabetes
c) Type 2 diabetes
d) Addison’s disease
Answer: a) Insulinoma
Which disorder is characterized by inadequate production of growth hormone?
a) Dwarfism
b) Gigantism
c) Acromegaly
d) Cushing’s syndrome
Answer: a) Dwarfism
What is a common symptom of hyperthyroidism in children?
a) Weight loss
b) Weight gain
c) Constipation
d) Bradycardia
Answer: a) Weight loss
Which condition is associated with a deficiency in aldosterone production?
a) Addison’s disease
b) Cushing’s syndrome
c) Hyperaldosteronism
d) Congenital adrenal hyperplasia
Answer: a) Addison’s disease
What is the main cause of congenital hypothyroidism in areas with adequate iodine intake?
a) Thyroid dysgenesis
b) Iodine deficiency
c) Autoimmune thyroiditis
d) Pituitary dysfunction
Answer: a) Thyroid dysgenesis
Which hormone is involved in the regulation of calcium levels in the blood?
a) Parathyroid hormone
b) Insulin
c) Growth hormone
d) Cortisol
Answer: a) Parathyroid hormone
Which test is used to evaluate the function of the adrenal glands?
a) ACTH stimulation test
b) TSH test
c) Growth hormone stimulation test
d) Insulin tolerance test
Answer: a) ACTH stimulation test
What is the most common cause of primary adrenal insufficiency in children?
a) Autoimmune adrenalitis
b) Pituitary tumors
c) Congenital adrenal hyperplasia
d) Adrenal tumors
Answer: a) Autoimmune adrenalitis
Which condition involves insufficient production of thyroid hormone and presents with developmental delay in children?
a) Hypothyroidism
b) Hyperthyroidism
c) Cushing’s syndrome
d) Precocious puberty
Answer: a) Hypothyroidism
Which medication is commonly used to treat type 1 diabetes mellitus?
a) Insulin
b) Metformin
c) Sulfonylureas
d) GLP-1 receptor agonists
Answer: a) Insulin
Which endocrine disorder is characterized by an enlarged thyroid gland in children?
a) Goiter
b) Addison’s disease
c) Diabetes mellitus
d) Hypoparathyroidism
Answer: a) Goiter
What is the primary treatment for congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH)?
a) Glucocorticoid replacement therapy
b) Insulin therapy
c) Thyroid hormone replacement
d) Calcium supplements
Answer: a) Glucocorticoid replacement therapy
Which condition is associated with the deficiency of growth hormone in children, leading to short stature?
a) Growth hormone deficiency
b) Gigantism
c) Acromegaly
d) Cushing’s syndrome
Answer: a) Growth hormone deficiency
What is a common finding in children with hyperthyroidism?
a) Increased appetite
b) Bradycardia
c) Constipation
d) Weight gain
Answer: a) Increased appetite
Which hormone is used to assess adrenal function in suspected cases of adrenal insufficiency?
a) Cortisol
b) Thyroxine
c) Insulin
d) Growth hormone
Answer: a) Cortisol
A child with an overactive thyroid gland is likely to have elevated levels of which hormone?
a) Thyroxine
b) Insulin
c) Cortisol
d) Aldosterone
Answer: a) Thyroxine
Which condition is characterized by early onset of sexual characteristics in girls before age 9?
a) Precocious puberty
b) Delayed puberty
c) Turner syndrome
d) Klinefelter syndrome
Answer: a) Precocious puberty
Which of the following conditions can cause secondary growth hormone deficiency in children?
a) Pituitary tumors
b) Hyperthyroidism
c) Diabetes mellitus
d) Addison’s disease
Answer: a) Pituitary tumors
Which test is used to evaluate thyroid function in children with suspected hypothyroidism?
a) Thyroid function tests (TFTs)
b) ACTH stimulation test
c) Water deprivation test
d) Growth hormone stimulation test
Answer: a) Thyroid function tests (TFTs)
What is the main clinical feature of type 2 diabetes in children?
a) Insulin resistance
b) Autoimmune destruction of beta cells
c) Adrenal insufficiency
d) Hyperthyroidism
Answer: a) Insulin resistance
Which of the following is a common complication of uncontrolled diabetes mellitus in children?
a) Diabetic ketoacidosis
b) Hypercalcemia
c) Hypoglycemia
d) Hyperthyroidism
Answer: a) Diabetic ketoacidosis
A child with excess cortisol production is most likely to present with:
a) Weight gain and hypertension
b) Weight loss and hyperkalemia
c) Weight loss and hypoglycemia
d) Weight gain and hypoglycemia
Answer: a) Weight gain and hypertension
Which of the following conditions can cause low blood glucose levels in children?
a) Insulinoma
b) Cushing’s syndrome
c) Hyperthyroidism
d) Growth hormone deficiency
Answer: a) Insulinoma
Which hormone deficiency is most likely to cause delayed puberty in children?
a) Gonadotropins
b) Cortisol
c) Thyroxine
d) Growth hormone
Answer: a) Gonadotropins
A child with a short stature and elevated growth hormone levels is likely suffering from:
a) Gigantism
b) Dwarfism
c) Acromegaly
d) Cushing’s syndrome
Answer: a) Gigantism
Which condition involves the autoimmune destruction of thyroid tissue leading to hypothyroidism?
a) Hashimoto’s thyroiditis
b) Graves’ disease
c) Addison’s disease
d) Diabetes mellitus
Answer: a) Hashimoto’s thyroiditis
What is the main treatment for hypothyroidism in children?
a) Thyroid hormone replacement therapy
b) Antithyroid medications
c) Glucocorticoids
d) Insulin therapy
Answer: a) Thyroid hormone replacement therapy
Which of the following tests is used to diagnose hyperparathyroidism?
a) Serum calcium and parathyroid hormone levels
b) Thyroid function tests
c) Serum cortisol levels
d) Insulin levels
Answer: a) Serum calcium and parathyroid hormone levels
A child with rapid weight gain, facial puffiness, and abdominal striae might be suffering from:
a) Cushing’s syndrome
b) Addison’s disease
c) Hyperthyroidism
d) Growth hormone deficiency
Answer: a) Cushing’s syndrome
Which condition is characterized by excessive production of aldosterone?
a) Hyperaldosteronism
b) Addison’s disease
c) Cushing’s syndrome
d) Congenital adrenal hyperplasia
Answer: a) Hyperaldosteronism
What is the primary cause of precocious puberty in girls?
a) Central precocious puberty
b) Congenital adrenal hyperplasia
c) Hypogonadism
d) Hyperthyroidism
Answer: a) Central precocious puberty
Which condition is associated with a deficiency in sex hormone production, leading to delayed sexual development in children?
a) Klinefelter syndrome
b) Turner syndrome
c) Precocious puberty
d) Cushing’s syndrome
Answer: a) Klinefelter syndrome
Which diagnostic test is used to assess the function of the pituitary gland?
a) Growth hormone stimulation test
b) Thyroid function tests
c) Water deprivation test
d) ACTH stimulation test
Answer: a) Growth hormone stimulation test
A child presenting with dehydration, hypernatremia, and polyuria is most likely suffering from:
a) Diabetes insipidus
b) Diabetes mellitus
c) Hyperthyroidism
d) Hypoparathyroidism
Answer: a) Diabetes insipidus
Which endocrine disorder is commonly associated with elevated levels of cortisol and presents with abdominal obesity, moon facies, and hypertension?
a) Cushing’s syndrome
b) Addison’s disease
c) Hyperthyroidism
d) Hypothyroidism
Answer: a) Cushing’s syndrome
