What is the primary focus of justice?
A) Distributing resources equally
B) Ensuring fairness and equity
C) Maximizing utility
D) Upholding moral duties
Answer: B
In terms of justice, what does “fairness” generally refer to?
A) Equal distribution of goods
B) Following legal procedures
C) Equitable treatment and opportunities
D) Maximizing benefits for society
Answer: C
Which ethical theory emphasizes justice as fairness and equity?
A) Utilitarianism
B) Virtue ethics
C) Deontological ethics
D) Rawls’ theory of justice
Answer: D
According to John Rawls, what principle should guide the distribution of goods and opportunities in a just society?
A) Equal distribution for all
B) Merit-based allocation
C) Utilitarian maximization of happiness
D) Fairness through the veil of ignorance
Answer: D
Which concept suggests that justice should be decided without knowledge of one’s social status, wealth, or position in society?
A) Veil of ignorance
B) Rawlsian fairness
C) Social contract theory
D) Egalitarianism
Answer: A
In ethical terms, what does “procedural justice” refer to?
A) Ensuring fair outcomes
B) Following established rules and procedures
C) Equal distribution of resources
D) Maximizing benefits for the majority
Answer: B
Which principle of justice suggests that individuals should be rewarded or punished based on their actions and merits?
A) Retributive justice
B) Distributive justice
C) Commutative justice
D) Restorative justice
Answer: A
What is the main goal of restorative justice?
A) Equitable distribution of resources
B) Rehabilitation and reconciliation
C) Retribution and punishment
D) Maximizing social benefits
Answer: B
What concept in ethics deals with the just distribution of benefits and burdens in society?
A) Commutative justice
B) Distributive justice
C) Retributive justice
D) Restorative justice
Answer: B
Which principle of justice focuses on restoring relationships and repairing harm caused by wrongdoing?
A) Distributive justice
B) Retributive justice
C) Commutative justice
D) Restorative justice
Answer: D
What is the central idea behind commutative justice?
A) Equitable distribution of resources
B) Fairness in contractual agreements
C) Punishment based on wrongdoing
D) Restoring social harmony
Answer: B
Which principle of justice deals with the fair exchange of goods and services in transactions?
A) Distributive justice
B) Retributive justice
C) Commutative justice
D) Restorative justice
Answer: C
What ethical theory emphasizes the importance of fairness and justice in interpersonal relationships?
A) Utilitarianism
B) Virtue ethics
C) Deontological ethics
D) Contractarianism
Answer: B
According to John Rawls, what principle of justice would individuals choose behind the veil of ignorance?
A) Principle of meritocracy
B) Principle of equal liberty
C) Principle of utility maximization
D) Principle of distributive justice
Answer: B
Which principle of justice suggests that individuals should receive equal rights and liberties?
A) Principle of equal opportunity
B) Principle of equal distribution
C) Principle of equal liberty
D) Principle of utility maximization
Answer: C
What concept in justice refers to treating similar cases or individuals in a similar manner?
A) Consistency
B) Equality
C) Equity
D) Proportionality
Answer: A
What principle of justice focuses on ensuring that punishments are proportionate to offenses committed?
A) Retributive justice
B) Distributive justice
C) Commutative justice
D) Proportionality
Answer: D
Which principle of justice emphasizes the importance of fairness and equity in the allocation of resources?
A) Retributive justice
B) Distributive justice
C) Commutative justice
D) Proportionality
Answer: BIn terms of justice, what does “equity” typically refer to?
A) Equal distribution of goods
B) Fairness in outcomes
C) Retribution for wrongdoing
D) Restoring social harmony
Answer: B
What principle of justice focuses on compensating individuals for harm suffered due to another’s actions?
A) Retributive justice
B) Distributive justice
C) Compensatory justice
D) Restorative justice
Answer: C
Which principle of justice emphasizes the importance of fair and impartial legal processes?
A) Procedural justice
B) Distributive justice
C) Retributive justice
D) Commutative justice
Answer: A
What concept in justice deals with the fair allocation of benefits and burdens based on individual contributions?
A) Retributive justice
B) Distributive justice
C) Commutative justice
D) Contributive justice
Answer: D
According to John Rawls, what is the primary goal of justice as fairness?
A) Maximizing overall happiness
B) Ensuring equal outcomes for all
C) Distributing resources based on need
D) Balancing fairness and liberty
Answer: D
What principle of justice suggests that individuals should have equal access to opportunities and resources?
A) Equality of outcome
B) Equality of opportunity
C) Equality of distribution
D) Equality of contribution
Answer: B
Which ethical theory emphasizes justice as the foundation for moral actions and social institutions?
A) Utilitarianism
B) Virtue ethics
C) Deontological ethics
D) Social contract theory
Answer: D
What concept in justice deals with the fair treatment of all individuals, regardless of their characteristics?
A) Equality
B) Equity
C) Impartiality
D) Fairness
Answer: D
Which principle of justice focuses on ensuring that individuals receive what they deserve based on their actions and contributions?
A) Retributive justice
B) Distributive justice
C) Contributive justice
D) Restorative justice
Answer: C
What ethical theory emphasizes the importance of justice as a primary virtue?
A) Utilitarianism
B) Virtue ethics
C) Deontological ethics
D) Contractarianism
Answer: B
According to Rawls, what principle should guide the distribution of resources in a just society?
A) Equality of outcome
B) Equality of opportunity
C) Fairness as equity
D) Merit-based allocation
Answer: C
What principle of justice focuses on restoring balance and harmony in relationships after harm has occurred?
A) Retributive justice
B) Distributive justice
C) Commutative justice
D) Restorative justice
Answer: D
In ethical decision-making, what does “justice” primarily refer to?
A) Fairness and equity
B) Maximizing utility
C) Upholding moral duties
D) Developing virtuous character traits
Answer: A
Which principle of justice focuses on the fair and just allocation of punishments for wrongdoing?
A) Retributive justice
B) Distributive justice
C) Commutative justice
D) Restorative justice
Answer: A
What concept in justice deals with treating people in a manner consistent with moral principles and standards?
A) Impartiality
B) Equality
C) Fairness
D) Equity
Answer: C
According to Rawls’ theory of justice, what should be prioritized when designing a just society?
A) Equal outcomes for all
B) Fair distribution of resources
C) Liberty and fairness
D) Merit-based rewards
Answer: C
What principle of justice emphasizes the importance of fair and just processes in legal and social systems?
A) Retributive justice
B) Distributive justice
C) Procedural justice
D) Commutative justice
Answer: C
In ethical decision-making, what role does justice play in ensuring fairness?
A) Balancing individual rights
B) Upholding moral duties
C) Distributing resources equally
D) Providing fair and impartial treatment
Answer: D
Which principle of justice focuses on compensating individuals for harm suffered due to another’s actions or negligence?
A) Retributive justice
B) Distributive justice
C) Compensatory justice
D) Restorative justice
Answer: C
What concept in justice deals with the fair exchange of goods, services, or benefits in social interactions?
A) Equality
B) Equity
C) Reciprocity
D) Fairness
Answer: C
According to Rawls, what principle should guide the fair distribution of opportunities and resources?
A) Equality of outcome
B) Equality of opportunity
C) Fairness as equity
D) Merit-based allocation
Answer: B
What principle of justice suggests that individuals should receive what they deserve based on their contributions or actions?
A) Retributive justice
B) Distributive justice
C) Contributive justice
D) Restorative justice
Answer: C
In ethical decision-making, what role does justice play in terms of consequences?
A) Balancing individual rights
B) Ensuring equal outcomes
C) Determining fair punishments
D) Maximizing utility
Answer: C
What concept in justice deals with the fair treatment of all individuals, regardless of their characteristics or status?
A) Equality
B) Equity
C) Impartiality
D) Fairness
Answer: D