Political Rights, Liberty , Equality & Justice MCQs

1. The statement, “Rights, in fact, are those conditions of social life without which no man can seek in general to be himself at his best” was made by:
(a) T.H. Green
(b) H.J. Laski
(c) Rousseau
(d) Marx
H.J. Laski
2. “Rights are those conditions of social life without which no man can seek in general to be himself at his best”. Which one of the following thinkers said this?
(a) Kant
(b) Hegel
(c) Green
(d) Laski
Laski
3. Which one of the following statements can be associated with the concept of rights?
(a) One’s realization of one’s best self must involve as its logical result the realization by others of their best selves
(b) Adequate opportunities must be laid open to all
(c) One is entitled to all those conditions of social life without which no man can seek in general to be himself at his best
(d) The very difference in the nature of men requires mechanisms for the expression of their wills that is given to each its due hearing
One is entitled to all those conditions of social life without which no man can seek in general to be himself at his best
4. “Rights properly so called are creation of law properly so called” This definition of rights is associated with:
(a) Hobbes
(b) Hegel (d) Laski
(c) Bentham
Bentham
5. “Rights properly so called are creatures of law”. This view is held by:
(b) Laski
(a) T.H. Green
(d) Bentham
(c) Duguit
Bentham
6. “Self is prior to its ends” and “Right is prior to the good” are the principles upheld by:
(a) Immanuel Kant
(b) F.W.G, Hegel
(c) Charles Taylor
(d) Michael Walzer
Immanuel Kant
7. Who among the following thinkers has said that a state is known by the rights it maintains?
(a) Harold Laski
(b) T.H. Green
(c) Plato
(d) John Locke
Harold Laski
8. “Human consciousness postulates liberty, liberty involves rights, rights demand the state”. Who has made this statement?
(a) Laski(b) Barker
(c) Green
(d) Hegel
Green
9. The name of Follett’s work was:
(a) Social Organization
(b) The New State
(c) Reconstruction of Philosophy
(d) Acquisitive Society
The New State
10. Consider the following statements:
1. Rights emanate from our membership of the state
2. Rights are social
3. Rights are protected by the state
4. Rights are dynamic
Which of the statements given above
are correct?
(a) 1,2,3
(b) 2,3,4
(c) 1,2,4
(d) 1,3,4
2,3,4
11. Rights are legal implies:
(a) Rights emanate from society
(b) Rights are the results of some law
(c) Rights are enforceable
(d) Law can take away our rights
Rights are the results of some law
12 “Every thing is permitted that is not prohibited” is based on the assumption of
(a) Natural Law
(b) Common Law
(c) Eternal Law
(d) Divine Law
Common Law
13. Human Rights are rights to which people are entitled by virtue of:
(a) Being individual beings
(b) Being rational beings
(c) Being human beings
(d) Being members of the state
Being human beings
14. The essence of Natural Rights is that:
(a) They are derived historical state of nature from a
(b) They existed in the state of nature and not exist in civil society
(c) They are the products of nature
conceived as nature of physical
forces (d) They are in conformity with universal principles of justice and morality
They are derived historical state of nature from a
15. One of the criticisms of the theory of Natural Rights is that it:
(a) Places societal interests above individual interests
(b) Assumes that rights exist prior to society
(c) Believes that rights are the creation of the sovereign
(d) Puts too much emphasis on social
Assumes that rights exist prior to society
16. As a concept, Natural Rights are rights which:
(a) Obtain in the state of nature
(b) Derive from the necessary relations inherent in the world of nature
(c) Are co-extensive with the natural powers of man
(d) Are intrinsic of the human self consciousness
Obtain in the state of nature
17. Who among the following thinken combined natural rights with physiological metaphor?
(b) Spencer, d) Burke
(4) Locke (c) Green (
Spencer
18. Who among the following thinkers combined natural rights physiological metaphor in his with
organismic theory of the state? (3) F.A. Bradley
(b) Herbert Spencer
(c) Bernard Bonsanquet
(d) Bluntschli
Herbert Spencer
19. Bentham was a supporter of the theory of
(a) Natural rights
(b) Historical rights
(c) Legal rights (d) Ethical rights
Legal rights
20. Consider the following statements: Civil rights: 1. Belong to the citizen by virtue of his citizenship
2. Are interchangeable with human rights
3. Aim to minimize discrimination
4. Give us the rights to languages and culture
Which of the statements given above
are correct? (a) 1,3 and 4
(b) 1,2,3, and 4
(d) 1 and 3
(c) 2 and 4
1,3 and 4
21. Which one among the following is regarded as a civil right?
(a) Right to public employment
(b) Freedom of speech and expression
(c) Right to elect and to be elected
(d) Right to property
Freedom of speech and expression
22. From which one of the following perspectives has the notion of human rights been criticized?
(a) Universalism
(b) Cultural identity
(c) Secularism
(d) Individualism
Cultural identity
23. There are more than 70 international treaties and conventions on human
rights to which more than 90% of the countries are signatories. Which of the following countries has the worst record in regard to signing these treaties and conventions?
(a) Iran
(b) USA
(c) UK
(d) South Africa
South Africa
24. Hopfield’s elements of rights do not include the following:
(a) Right is a facility (b) Right is immunity
(c) Right is a power
(d) Right is a privilege
Right is a facility
25. The following are advocates of
negative rights: (a) Socialists
(b) Communitarians (c) Welfare liberals
(d) Neoliberals
Neoliberals
26. The following theory of rights gives the option to the holder to seek or
relieve it: (a) Historical theory
(b) Interest theory
(c) Choice theory
(d) Functional theory
Choice theory
27. The division of human rights into three generations of rights is attributed to:
(a) Vasak
(b) Locke
(c) Burke
(d) Marx
Vasak
28. The following used the terms liberty and freedom as interchangeable:
(a) Locke
(b) Hayek
(c) Friedman
(d) Rawls
Hayek
29. ‘Liber’ giving the sense of liberty is a word from the following language:
(a) Latin
(b) Hebrew
(c) Greek
(d) None of these
Latin
30. One of the following is not the advocates of the republican concept of liberty:
(a) Arendt
(b) Locke
(c) Skinner
(d) Pocock
Locke
31. Who says that liberty means “pursuing one’s own good in one’s own way
without hurting the like liberties of others”?
(b) Locke
(a) Mill
(d) Rawls
(c) Nozick
Mill
32. Negative liberty has its advocate in:
(b) Rousseau
(a) Kant
(d) Laski
(c) Friedman
Friedman
33. The following is of the opinion that liberty can be restricted only for the sake of protecting it:
(a) Nozick
(b) Rawls
(c) Mill (d) Hayek
Rawls
34. Vasak felates three generations of human rights to:
(a) Liberty, equality, justice.
(b) Liberty, equality, fraternity
(c) Liberty, fraternity, justice
(d) Justice, equality, morality
Liberty, equality, fraternity
35. “By liberty I mean the eager maintenance of atmosphere in which men have the opportunity of being their best selves.”-Laski.
Which one of the following expresses the view implied in the above statement?
(a) Liberty is the absence of restraint
(b) Liberty is what the law permits
(c) Liberty is the ability to do what one desires
(d) Liberty is the maintenance of conditions for the growth of human personality
Liberty is what the law permits
36. “Freedom is the positive power or capacity of doing or enjoying something worth doing or enjoying.” This view of liberty was expressed by:
(a) T.H. Green
(b) Kant
(c) H. Laski
(d) J.S. Mill
T.H. Green
37. “Liberty is not meaningful unless it is incorporated in a system of rights recognized by the state, though they are moral in nature but are recognized by the state:”
This view was propounded by:
(a) J. Bentham
(b) T.H Green
(c) John Locke
(d) Herbert Spencer
J. Bentham
38. “The free man is the man who is not in irons, nor imprisoned in a goal, nor terrorized like a slave by the fear of punishment. It is not lack of freedom not to fly like an eagle or swim like a whale” (Halvetius).
38.This is concept of freedom:
(a) As empowerment (b) As self-determination
(c) As absence of obstacles both external and internal which hamper individual action
(d) As absence of external impediments to movement’
As absence of obstacles both external and internal which hamper individual actio
39. Who among the following is the exponent of negative liberty?
(a) T.H. Green
(b) Isaiah Berlin
(c) Rousseau (d) Marx
Isaiah Berlin
40. Conception of negative liberty emphasizes:
(a) Freedom of choice
(b) Absence of interference
(c) Autonor.iy
(d) Self-direction
Absence of interference
41. The positive theory of liberty was advocated by:
(a) John Stuart Mill
(b) T.H. Green
(c) Isaiah Berlin
(d) Karl Popper
T.H. Green
42. Which of the following positive liberty?
(a) Freedom is self-realization
(b) Freedom is the absence of restraint
(c) Freedom is the fulfillment of desire
(d) Freedom is power to do whatever one wants
Freedom is self-realization
43. Which of the following is not an apt description of negative liberty?
(a) It is the area within which a man can act unobstructed by others
(b) The individual has some assured positive spheres in which others can-not interfere
(c) A circle arundevery individual human being: a space entrenched around, a reserved territory
(d) It is the absence of humanly imposed impediments including lack of access to the means of life and means of labour
It is the absence of humanly imposed impediments including lack of access to the means of life and means of labour
44. The concept as ‘forced freedom’ was
first enunciated: (a) Hobbes (b) Locke
(d) T.H. Green
(c) Rousseau
Rousseau
45. “The state should not interfere in those actions of the individual, which are “self-regarding” but ean interfere in those which are “others regarding”
This view was expressed by: (a) James Mill
(b) Jeremy Bentham
(c) Herbert Spencer (d) John Stuart Mill
John Stuart Mill
46. Who among the following drew a line between self-regarding and others- regarding activities of the individual?
(a) J.S. Mill
(b) T.H. Green (c) Isaiah Berlin
(d) Jeremy Bentham
J.S. Mill
47. Which of the following statements about John Stuart Mill’s theory of liberty is correct?
(a) Mill’s concept of liberty is logically utilitarianism consistent with
(b) Mill’s concept of liberty is incongruous with utilitarianism
(c) Mill values liberty as an
indispensable means to the attainment of the greatest good of the greatest number (d) Mill thinks that without liberty
man cannot attain rational, and moral perfection and be an ideal human being.”
Mill thinks that without liberty
man cannot attain rational, and moral perfection and be an ideal human being.”
48. Who among the following thinkers posited the antithesis of equality and liberty?
(a) Lord Acton
(b) Harold Laski
(c) T.H. Green
(d) RH. Tawny
Lord Acton
49. From which of the following does a growing infringement on liberty of citizens emanate?
(a) A centralized bureaucratic state
(b) Coalition -government.
(c) Devolution of power
(d) Affirmative action
A centralized bureaucratic state
50. The classical liberal thinkers held that:
(a) Law promotes individual liberty (b) Law restricts individual liberty
(c) There is no positive relationship between law and liberty
(d) Law is the first condition of liberty
Law restricts individual liberty
51. Which of the following statements is indicative of the dilemma that a liberal democratic political system is perpetually faced within its endeavour to achieve a proper balance between rights and duties?
(a) Every right involves in practice prohibitions and duties and. every extension of rights curtails rights through the imposition of new duties
(b) A right can never be absolute and exclusive and citizens are generally speaking, apathetic to both rights and duties
(c) Rights and duties tend to become theoretical sophistications because the authorities are involved more in giving partisan interpretations of rights and duties
(d) A right is a precondition to the expectation that citizens would normally accept reversal of this expectation
Every right involves in practice prohibitions and duties and. every extension of rights curtails rights through the imposition of new duties
52. Assertion 52 freedom (a): License means abuse of
Reason (R): Freedom means absence of license
(a) A and R are true, R is the explanation of A.
(b) A and R are true, R is not the
explanation of A.
(c) A is true, R. is false (d) A is false, R is true.
A and R are true, R is not the
53. Who among the following thinkers formulated the concept of positive and negative liberty?
(a) Karl Marx
(b) C.B. Macpherson
(c) Isaiah Berlin
(d) Michael Oakeshott
Isaiah Berlin
54. The distinction between positive freedom and negative freedom is usually described as:
(a) Freedom to’ and ‘freedom from’
(b) ‘Freedom of and ‘freedom to’
(c) ‘Freedom with’ and ‘freedom of
(d) ‘Freedom from’ and ‘freedom to
Freedom to’ and ‘freedom from’
55. The Subjection of women was written by Mill in collaboration with his:
(a) Father (c) Wife
(b) mother (d) daughter
Wife
56. One of the following is not the work written by Isaiah Berlin:
(a) Karl Marx
(b) Four Essays on Liberty
(c) Freedom
(d) Against Current
Freedom
57. Consider the following statements on equality:
1. The quest for equality does not imply de facto equality
2. Men and women may not be born alike. But equality demands that they ought to be treated equally
3. We seek equality because we think it is just
4. Egalitarian principles have been drawn on the principle that men and women are identical Which of the statements given above are correct?
(a) 1,3,4 (c) 2,3 & 4
(b) 1,2&3 (d) 1,2,4
1,2&3
58. Which one of the following is not generally considered as a part of the right to equality?
(a) Equal protection under law
(b) Equality of opportunity for all (c) Equality of right to the
satisfaction of basic needs of all (d) Equality of treatment in all circumstances
Equality of right to the
satisfaction of basic needs of all
59. The doctrine of proportionate equality
was propounded by (a) Aristotle
(b) Rousseau (d) Rawls
(c) Marx
Aristotle
60. Who expressed the view that “equality is unnatural and undesirable”?
(a) Plato
(b) Aristotle (d) Hobbes.
(c) Hegel
Aristotle
61. Marx believed that equality in a society could be established only when:
(a) All individuals were given
political freedom
(b) Class removed contradictions were
(c) Rule of law was established
(d) Separation of powers practiced was
Class removed contradictions were
62. Which of the following statements can be attributed to T.H. Green?
(a) “The passion for equality makes vain the hope of freedom.”
(b) “Equality far from being inimical to liberty is absolutely essential for its preservation.”
(c) “Nature has made men equal”
(d) “There can be no identity of treatment and identity of reward so long as men differ in their needs and capacities.”
“The passion for equality makes vain the hope of freedom.”
63. Which one of the following types of equality is not compatible with the liberal notion of equality?
(a) Legal equality
(b) Political equality
(c) Social equality
(d) Economic equality
Economic equality
64. The policy of protective discrimination seeks to promote:
(a) Formal quality
(b) Substantive equality
(c) Inequality
(d) Meritocracy
Substantive equality
65. Who among the following thinkers held the view that equality and liberty
are antithetical? (a) Lord Acton
(b) Karl Marx (c) Harold Lask
(d) G.D.H. Cole
Lord Acton
66. Consider the following statements: In the liberal tradition, equality implies:
1. Same treatment for all
2. Identical rights for all citizens 3. Maintenance of equilibrium
4. Similarity of opportunities and results Which of the statements given above
are correct?
(b) 1&2
(a) 1,2,3 & 4 (c) 1,283
(d) 3&4
1,283
67. Equality implies:
1. All are born equal 2. All die as equal
3. All are equal in strength
4. All are equal in worth
Which of the staternments given above are correct?
(a) 1,2,3 (6) 1,2,4
(d) 2,3,4
(c) 1,3,4
2,3,4
68. The concept of equality refers to:
1. Quality before law
2. Equal opportunities
3. Absence of privileges
4. Equal rewards
Which of the statements given correct?
(a) 1,2,3
(b) 1,2,4
(c) 1,3,4
(d) 2,3,4
1,2,3
69. One of the following is an advocate of proportion 1 equality:
(a) Plato
(b) Aristotle (d) Tawny
(c) Marx
Aristotle
70. Political equality demands:
(a) Monarchy
(b) Aristocracy
(c) Democracy
(d) Autocracy
Democracy
71. Equality’s concept insists on:
(a) Equality of treatment
(b) Equality of rewards
Science MCQs
(c) Equality of condition
(d) None of these
Equality of condition
72. Consider the following statements with regard to the concept of equality:
1. As all men are equal, no one
should have a right to others
2. 3 Equal wages for equal work
3. Men are born equal, they die as equal, and they must live as equals
Which of the statements given above are correct?
(a) 1,2
(b) 2,3
(c) 1,3
(d) 1,2,3
1,2
73. One of the following is not a foundational concept of equality:
(a) Equality of persons
(b) Proportional equality
(c) Equality before law
(d) Equality of conditions
Equality of persons
74. Who says that equality is not an isolated principle; but stands by the principle of liberty and fraternity
(a) Laski
(b) Tawny
(c) Lindsay
(d) Barker
Tawny
75. One of the following is not the feature of the notion of equality:
(a) Absence of privileges
(b) Equal opportunities
(c) Equal wages
(d) Equality before law
Equal wages
76. One of the following is not the basic feature of equality.
(a) Absence of privileges
(b) Absence of discrimination
(c) Absence of opportunities
(d) Absence of liberties
Absence of discrimination
77. One of the following thinkers believes that equality postulates universality of human worth:
(a) Rousseau (b)
Kant (d) Locke
(c) Hegel
Kant
78. Social Justice primarily aims at:
(a) Political equality
Religious equality
(b) (c) Civic equality
(d) Socio-economic equality
Socio-economic equality
79. If formal equality is legal, political and economic, the foundational equality is:
(a) Historical
(b) Empirical (c) Philosophical
(d) Dialectical
Philosophical
80. One of the following believes that political liberty is meaningless without economic equality:
(a) Acton
(b) de Tocqueville
(c) Laski
(d) Marx
Laski
81. The following view equality as rewards in accordance with deserts:
(a) Liberals
(b) Socialists
(c) Marxists
Conservatives
82. (d) Conservatives By ‘Justice’ Plato meant:
(a) Legal justice meted out in courts
(b) Might as right
(c) Harmonious functioning of each part of the soul and corresponding classes in the society
(d) Each one getting what he/she de- served
Harmonious functioning of each part of the soul and corresponding classes in the society
83. Which one of the following is a central attribute of Plato’s notion of justice?
(a) Equality
(b) Liberty
(c) Fraternity
(d) Harmony
Harmony
84. What is the most fundamental notion underlying the Marxist vision of
justice? (a) Need
(b) Desert
(c) Class
(d) Exploitation
Need
85. Consider the following passage: The principles of right, and so of justice, put limits on which satisfactions have value, they impose restrictions on what are reasonable conceptions of one’s good. Hence injustice as fairness one does not take men’s propensities and
inclinations as given, whatever they are, and then seek the best way to fulfill them. Rather, their desires and aspirations are restricted from the outset by the principles of justice which specify the boundaries that men’s System of ends must respect (John Rawls, A Theory of Justice) In the above passage Rawls suggests:
(a) Right is prior to good (b) Good is prior to right
(c) Right is the same as good
(d) Good determines right
Good determines right
86. “Each person has an equal right to the most extensive part compatible with a like liberty for all, inequalities are arbitrary unless it is reasonable to expect that they will work but for everyone’s advantage, and provided the positions and offices to which they attach or from which they may be gained, are open to all,”The above statement provides
a: (a) Standard for liberty
(b) Standard for justice
(c) Limitation on rights
(d) Standard for happiness
Standard for justice
87. Barker’s view of justice is the
synthesis of: (a) Liberty and equality
(b) Liberty, equality and fraternity
(c) Equality and fraternity (d) Liberty and fraternity
Liberty and equality
88. The ground for distributive justice includes:
(a) Merit and desert
(b) Desert and need
(c) Need and merit
(d) Merit, desert and need
Merit, desert and need
89. The principle of distributive justice was first propounded by:
(a) Aristotle
(b) Godwin
(c) Herbert Spencer
(d) Rawls
Aristotle
90. Who among the following has expressed the view that if justice is
taken away, the state becomes a band of robbers?
(a) Plato
(b) Aristotle (c) St. Augustine
(d) Locke
St. Augustine
91. Rawi’s theory of justice is essentially: (a) Kantian (b) Utilitarian
(d) Libertarian
(c) Marxist
Kantia
92. The Rawlsian notion of justice is:
(a) Socialist
(b) Utilitarian
(c) Communitarian
(d) Liberal
Communitarian
93. The principles of rational choice of individuals in the original position’ in the Rawlsian theory of justice maximization of:
(a) Expected utility
(b) The minimum
(c) The maximum
(d) Expectations, excluding any option which contains a very bad possibility
Expectations, excluding any option which contains a very bad possibility
94. Who among the following argued that the past circumstances or actions of people can entitlement? create differential
(a) John Rawls
(b) Charles Taylor
(c) FA Hayek
(d) Robert Nozick
Robert Nozick
95. When justice emanates’ from the decision of the court in which we find an interpretation of the law of the land, a wise distinction between ‘just’ and lunjust situations, award of punishment to the wrong-doer, strictures passed against the delinquent
authority, etc. it is called: (a) Distributive justice
(b) Social justice
(c) Corrective justice
(d) Political justice
Corrective justice
96. “Primary goods are to be distributed by the state equally, unless an unequal distribution would be to everyone’s advantage”. Who among the following
has expounded this concept of equality?
(a) Karl Marx
(b) J.S. Mill
(c) John Rawls
(d) Rousseau
John Rawls
97. The Rawlsian principle of distributive justice is based on the notion of:
(a) Desert
(b) Difference principle
(c) Equality
(d) Entitlement
Difference principle
98. The theory of justice, the main thrust of which is on fairness is known as:
(a) Metaphysical theory of justice
(b) Political theory of Justice
(c) Legal theory of justice
(d) Retributive theory of justice
Legal theory of justice
99. Consider the following statements
about Plato justice.
1. Justice is good for the giver as also for the taker
2. Justice creates unity
3. Justice seeks specialization
4. Justice is a matter of right
Which of the statements given above
are correct?
(a) 1,2,3 (b) 2,3,4
(c) 1,3,4(d) 1,2,4
1,2,3
100. Rawls describes justice:
(a) As welfare
(b) As equality
(c) As fairness
(d) As communion
As fairness
101. A state’s legitimacy depends on: (a) Its claim to do justice
(b) Its claim to establish equality (c) Its claim to make possible liberty
(d) Its claim to have a welfare
Its claim to do justice
state 102. The idea of justice has a relationship
with certain criteria. One of the
following is not such a criteria:
(a) To each according to his rights
(b) To each according to his desert (c) To each according to of his needs
(d) To each according to his status
To each according to his status
103. Rawls theory of justice is not associated with the following:
(a) Liberty
(b) Reciprocity
(c) Utility
(d) Faimess
Reciprocity
104. The following contract combination relates justice to:
(a) Hobbes and Locke
(b) Cephalous and Polemarchus
(c) Bentham and Mill
(d) Rawls and Gauthier
Rawls and Gauthier
105. Rawls meaning of justice distributes social values equally unless:
(a) The distribution is to the advantage of the most favoured (b) The distribution is to the
advantage of the least favoured (c) The distribution is to the advantage of the majority
(d) The distribution is to the advantage of the minority
The distribution is to the
advantage of the least favoured