1. What is the primary concern for a neonate with a birth weight less than 2500 grams?
a) Hypoglycemia
b) Hyperbilirubinemia
c) Respiratory distress
d) Hypothermia
Answer: a) Hypoglycemia
2. What is the recommended initial approach for managing hypothermia in a neonate?
a) Place the neonate in a pre-warmed incubator
b) Administer intravenous fluids
c) Provide oxygen therapy
d) Start antibiotic therapy
Answer: a) Place the neonate in a pre-warmed incubator
3. What is the most common cause of jaundice in the first 24 hours of life?
a) Breast milk jaundice
b) Physiologic jaundice
c) Hemolytic disease of the newborn
d) Infection
Answer: c) Hemolytic disease of the newborn
4. Which screening test is used to detect metabolic disorders in neonates?
a) Hearing test
b) Heel prick test
c) Ultrasound
d) CT scan
Answer: b) Heel prick test
5. What is the standard method for assessing a neonate’s gestational age?
a) Ballard Score
b) Apgar Score
c) Dubowitz Score
d) Glasgow Coma Scale
Answer: a) Ballard Score
6. Which vitamin is routinely administered to neonates to prevent hemorrhagic disease?
a) Vitamin A
b) Vitamin B12
c) Vitamin C
d) Vitamin K
Answer: d) Vitamin K
7. What is the most common cause of neonatal respiratory distress?
a) Neonatal sepsis
b) Respiratory distress syndrome (RDS)
c) Meconium aspiration syndrome
d) Congenital heart disease
Answer: b) Respiratory distress syndrome (RDS)
8. What is the first-line treatment for neonatal hypoglycemia?
a) Intravenous dextrose
b) Oral glucose
c) Intramuscular glucagon
d) Hypoglycemic agents
Answer: a) Intravenous dextrose
9. What condition is characterized by a failure to pass meconium within the first 24 hours of life?
a) Cystic fibrosis
b) Hirschsprung’s disease
c) Neonatal sepsis
d) Respiratory distress syndrome
Answer: b) Hirschsprung’s disease
10. Which of the following is a common sign of neonatal infection?
a) Hyperthermia
b) Decreased respiratory rate
c) Increased muscle tone
d) Improved feeding
Answer: a) Hyperthermia
11. What is the primary treatment for a neonate diagnosed with patent ductus arteriosus (PDA)?
a) Surgical closure
b) Pharmacologic therapy with indomethacin
c) Oxygen therapy
d) Fluid resuscitation
Answer: b) Pharmacologic therapy with indomethacin
12. What is the most important initial step in resuscitating a newborn who is not breathing at birth?
a) Chest compressions
b) Administering epinephrine
c) Providing positive pressure ventilation
d) Intubation
Answer: c) Providing positive pressure ventilation
13. What is the recommended initial dose of intramuscular vitamin K for a newborn?
a) 0.1 mg
b) 0.25 mg
c) 0.5 mg
d) 1 mg
Answer: d) 1 mg
14. What is the most common cause of congenital hypothyroidism in neonates?
a) Iodine deficiency
b) Thyroid dysgenesis
c) Autoimmune thyroiditis
d) Maternal hyperthyroidism
Answer: b) Thyroid dysgenesis
15. Which condition is characterized by an increased risk of bleeding due to impaired clotting factor synthesis?
a) Hemophilia
b) Neonatal thrombocytopenia
c) Vitamin K deficiency
d) Sickle cell disease
Answer: c) Vitamin K deficiency
16. What is a common cause of abdominal distension in a neonate?
a) Gastroesophageal reflux
b) Constipation
c) Necrotizing enterocolitis
d) Colic
Answer: c) Necrotizing enterocolitis
17. What is the recommended method for evaluating a neonate’s hearing ability?
a) Otoacoustic emissions (OAE) test
b) Auditory brainstem response (ABR) test
c) Tympanometry
d) Pure tone audiometry
Answer: a) Otoacoustic emissions (OAE) test
18. What is the typical age for the first routine screening for retinopathy of prematurity (ROP)?
a) 2 weeks
b) 4 weeks
c) 6 weeks
d) 8 weeks
Answer: b) 4 weeks
19. What is a key sign of neonatal withdrawal syndrome?
a) Hyperactivity
b) Hypotonia
c) Excessive sleepiness
d) Poor feeding
Answer: d) Poor feeding
20. Which condition is characterized by a bulging fontanelle in a neonate?
a) Dehydration
b) Intracranial hemorrhage
c) Hydrocephalus
d) Meningitis
Answer: c) Hydrocephalus
21. What is the most common cause of transient tachypnea of the newborn (TTN)?
a) Meconium aspiration
b) Respiratory distress syndrome (RDS)
c) Delayed resorption of fetal lung fluid
d) Neonatal sepsis
Answer: c) Delayed resorption of fetal lung fluid
22. Which neonatal condition is often associated with maternal diabetes?
a) Neonatal hypoglycemia
b) Congenital adrenal hyperplasia
c) Hypothyroidism
d) Cystic fibrosis
Answer: a) Neonatal hypoglycemia
23. What is the primary method for diagnosing a congenital heart defect in a newborn?
a) Echocardiography
b) Chest X-ray
c) Electrocardiogram (ECG)
d) Cardiac MRI
Answer: a) Echocardiography
24. What is the initial management for a newborn with suspected meconium aspiration syndrome?
a) Immediate intubation
b) Positive pressure ventilation
c) Chest physiotherapy
d) Administration of surfactant
Answer: b) Positive pressure ventilation
25. What is the recommended method for assessing a newborn’s gestational age?
a) Ultrasound
b) Physical examination
c) Apgar score
d) Neonatal blood tests
Answer: b) Physical examination
26. Which condition is characterized by an absence of a palpable femoral pulse in a neonate?
a) Coarctation of the aorta
b) Patent ductus arteriosus
c) Tetralogy of Fallot
d) Transposition of the great arteries
Answer: a) Coarctation of the aorta
27. What is the most common cause of neonatal seizures?
a) Hypoglycemia
b) Intrauterine infection
c) Intracranial hemorrhage
d) Metabolic disturbances
Answer: a) Hypoglycemia
28. What is the recommended method for managing a newborn with hypoglycemia if oral feeding is not possible?
a) Intravenous dextrose
b) Subcutaneous insulin
c) Oral glucose gel
d) Intramuscular glucagon
Answer: a) Intravenous dextrose
29. What is a common sign of respiratory distress in a newborn?
a) Nasal flaring
b) Decreased heart rate
c) Hypotonia
d) Hyperactivity
Answer: a) Nasal flaring
30. What is the recommended position for a newborn during sleep to reduce the risk of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS)?
a) Prone position
b) Supine position
c) Side-lying position
d) Sitting position
Answer: b) Supine position
31. What is a key feature of neonatal sepsis?
a) Hyperthermia
b) Lethargy
c) Increased appetite
d) Improved feeding
Answer: b) Lethargy
32. What is the most common cause of cyanosis in a neonate?
a) Neonatal sepsis
b) Respiratory distress syndrome
c) Congenital heart defect
d) Meconium aspiration
Answer: c) Congenital heart defect
33. What is the initial management for a neonate with suspected necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC)?
a) Surgical intervention
b) Antibiotic therapy
c) Oral feeding
d) Normal saline infusion
Answer: b) Antibiotic therapy
34. What is the recommended method for assessing neonatal bilirubin levels?
a) Serum bilirubin test
b) Urine bilirubin test
c) Stool bilirubin test
d) Skin bilirubin test
Answer: a) Serum bilirubin test
35. What is the most effective intervention to prevent hypothermia in a preterm neonate?
a) Warm blankets
b) Heated humidified air
c) Incubator
d) Room heater
Answer: c) Incubator
36. What condition is often associated with maternal hypertension and can lead to preterm delivery?
a) Neonatal jaundice
b) Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR)
c) Neonatal hypoglycemia
d) Respiratory distress syndrome
Answer: b) Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR)
37. What is the primary treatment for a newborn with a diagnosis of Rh incompatibility?
a) Exchange transfusion
b) Phototherapy
c) Intravenous immunoglobulin
d) Oral antibiotics
Answer: a) Exchange transfusion
38. Which condition is characterized by a decreased number of platelets in the neonate?
a) Neonatal thrombocytopenia
b) Neonatal jaundice
c) Neonatal anemia
d) Neonatal hypoglycemia
Answer: a) Neonatal thrombocytopenia
39. What is the common treatment for a neonate with severe hypocalcemia?
a) Oral calcium supplements
b) Intravenous calcium gluconate
c) Intramuscular vitamin D
d) High-calcium formula
Answer: b) Intravenous calcium gluconate
40. What is a common presentation of congenital adrenal hyperplasia in neonates?
a) Hypertension
b) Hyperpigmentation
c) Hypoglycemia
d) Hyperthermia
Answer: b) Hyperpigmentation
41. What is the primary method to assess neonatal jaundice severity?
a) Clinical examination
b) Serum bilirubin level
c) Urinalysis
d) Chest X-ray
Answer: b) Serum bilirubin level
42. What is a key sign of neonatal dehydration?
a) Fontanelle bulging
b) Decreased urine output
c) Hyperactivity
d) Hypertonia
Answer: b) Decreased urine output
43. What is the recommended initial management for a preterm neonate with apneic episodes?
a) Caffeine citrate therapy
b) Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP)
c) Intravenous fluids
d) Antibiotic therapy
Answer: a) Caffeine citrate therapy
44. Which condition is indicated by an abnormal finding on a newborn’s hip examination?
a) Hip dysplasia
b) Clubfoot
c) Spina bifida
d) Talipes equinovarus
Answer: a) Hip dysplasia
45. What is the primary intervention for a neonate with significant meconium staining at birth?
a) Immediate suctioning of the airways
b) Administration of surfactant
c) Chest X-ray
d) Intravenous fluids
Answer: a) Immediate suctioning of the airways
46. What is the recommended initial management for a newborn with suspected congenital heart disease?
a) Echocardiography
b) Electrocardiogram
c) Chest X-ray
d) Blood cultures
Answer: a) Echocardiography
47. Which condition in neonates is characterized by an enlarged liver and spleen?
a) Neonatal sepsis
b) Congenital cytomegalovirus infection
c) Respiratory distress syndrome
d) Necrotizing enterocolitis
Answer: b) Congenital cytomegalovirus infection
48. What is the most common type of hearing loss identified through neonatal screening?
a) Conductive hearing loss
b) Sensorineural hearing loss
c) Mixed hearing loss
d) Central auditory processing disorder
Answer: b) Sensorineural hearing loss
49. What is the primary concern for a neonate with a high blood bilirubin level?
a) Kernicterus
b) Hyperglycemia
c) Dehydration
d) Hypothermia
Answer: a) Kernicterus
50. What is the recommended feeding method for a preterm neonate with poor sucking reflex?
a) Breastfeeding
b) Cup feeding
c) Bottle feeding
d) Nasogastric tube feeding
Answer: d) Nasogastric tube feeding