1. Which of the following is a common risk factor for high-risk pregnancy?
a) Advanced maternal age
b) Low maternal weight
c) Regular exercise
d) Non-smoker status
Answer: a) Advanced maternal age
2. What is the primary goal of perinatal care for high-risk pregnancies?
a) To prevent all complications
b) To monitor and manage potential risks
c) To ensure a natural delivery
d) To avoid all medical interventions
Answer: b) To monitor and manage potential risks
3. Which condition is characterized by high blood pressure and proteinuria during pregnancy?
a) Gestational diabetes
b) Preterm labor
c) Preeclampsia
d) Placenta previa
Answer: c) Preeclampsia
4. What is a major risk associated with untreated gestational diabetes?
a) Increased risk of preeclampsia
b) Fetal growth restriction
c) Neonatal hypoglycemia
d) Maternal anemia
Answer: c) Neonatal hypoglycemia
5. Which diagnostic test is commonly used to evaluate fetal lung maturity?
a) Amniocentesis
b) Non-stress test
c) Doppler ultrasound
d) Biophysical profile
Answer: a) Amniocentesis
6. The presence of which of the following indicates a higher risk for preterm labor?
a) Normal cervical length
b) Presence of cervical shortening
c) Absence of fetal fibronectin
d) Elevated maternal blood pressure
Answer: b) Presence of cervical shortening
7. What is the primary treatment for a pregnant woman with severe preeclampsia?
a) Bed rest
b) Antihypertensive medications
c) Corticosteroids
d) Immediate delivery
Answer: d) Immediate delivery
8. Which medication is commonly used to prevent preterm labor?
a) Methyldopa
b) Magnesium sulfate
c) Insulin
d) Labetalol
Answer: b) Magnesium sulfate
9. Which of the following is a sign of fetal distress during labor?
a) Early decelerations
b) Variable decelerations
c) Accelerations
d) Normal fetal heart rate
Answer: b) Variable decelerations
10. What is the main complication associated with placenta previa?
a) Maternal anemia
b) Increased risk of postpartum hemorrhage
c) Preterm labor
d) Fetal growth restriction
Answer: b) Increased risk of postpartum hemorrhage
11. Which condition requires the monitoring of maternal and fetal well-being through a non-stress test (NST)?
a) Gestational diabetes
b) Preeclampsia
c) Oligohydramnios
d) Fetal growth restriction
Answer: d) Fetal growth restriction
12. What is the primary purpose of administering antenatal corticosteroids?
a) To prevent preterm labor
b) To promote fetal lung maturity
c) To reduce maternal blood pressure
d) To manage gestational diabetes
Answer: b) To promote fetal lung maturity
13. A biophysical profile (BPP) score of 8/10 is generally considered:
a) Abnormal
b) Indicative of fetal distress
c) Normal
d) Indicative of oligohydramnios
Answer: c) Normal
14. Which of the following is an indication for performing a cesarean section in high-risk pregnancies?
a) Breech presentation
b) Maternal age over 35
c) Low amniotic fluid
d) Mild preeclampsia
Answer: a) Breech presentation
15. What is the primary concern with untreated hyperthyroidism during pregnancy?
a) Maternal hypertension
b) Fetal growth restriction
c) Gestational diabetes
d) Placental abruption
Answer: b) Fetal growth restriction
16. What is a common complication of multiple gestations?
a) Increased risk of gestational diabetes
b) Decreased risk of preeclampsia
c) Lower incidence of preterm labor
d) Reduced risk of IUGR
Answer: a) Increased risk of gestational diabetes
17. What does the term “intrauterine growth restriction” (IUGR) refer to?
a) Excessive fetal growth
b) Normal fetal growth
c) Reduced fetal growth
d) Fetal growth in excess of 90th percentile
Answer: c) Reduced fetal growth
18. The use of which medication is often recommended to manage gestational hypertension?
a) Insulin
b) Labetalol
c) Magnesium sulfate
d) Nifedipine
Answer: b) Labetalol
19. What is the recommended management for a patient with suspected fetal macrosomia?
a) Induction of labor
b) Elective cesarean section
c) Increased caloric intake
d) Routine delivery
Answer: b) Elective cesarean section
20. Which of the following tests is used to monitor fetal well-being in cases of high-risk pregnancy?
a) Serum alpha-fetoprotein
b) Non-stress test (NST)
c) Chorionic villus sampling (CVS)
d) Amniotic fluid index (AFI)
Answer: b) Non-stress test (NST)
21. What is the primary goal of tocolytic therapy?
a) To induce labor
b) To promote fetal lung maturity
c) To suppress uterine contractions
d) To manage preeclampsia
Answer: c) To suppress uterine contractions
22. Which of the following conditions is commonly managed with corticosteroids to mature the fetal lungs?
a) Placenta previa
b) Preeclampsia
c) Preterm labor
d) Gestational diabetes
Answer: c) Preterm labor
23. In high-risk pregnancies, which condition is indicated by an elevated serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) level?
a) Down syndrome
b) Neural tube defects
c) Gestational diabetes
d) Fetal distress
Answer: b) Neural tube defects
24. What is the most common cause of elevated amniotic fluid levels (polyhydramnios)?
a) Multiple gestations
b) Fetal abnormalities
c) Maternal diabetes
d) Maternal hypertension
Answer: c) Maternal diabetes
25. A patient presents with signs of preeclampsia. What is the recommended course of action?
a) Immediate delivery
b) Bed rest
c) Increased fluid intake
d) Antihypertensive medication
Answer: a) Immediate delivery
26. Which of the following is a key component of managing chronic hypertension in pregnancy?
a) Routine ultrasound
b) Regular blood pressure monitoring
c) Frequent fetal heart rate monitoring
d) Nutritional counseling
Answer: b) Regular blood pressure monitoring
27. What is a common complication associated with uncontrolled diabetes during pregnancy?
a) Fetal macrosomia
b) Placenta previa
c) Preeclampsia
d) Premature rupture of membranes
Answer: a) Fetal macrosomia
28. Which of the following conditions is associated with an increased risk of preterm birth?
a) Chronic hypertension
b) Multiple gestations
c) Advanced maternal age
d) Gestational diabetes
Answer: b) Multiple gestations
29. The presence of which sign on a Doppler ultrasound is indicative of fetal anemia?
a) Absent end-diastolic flow
b) Increased peak systolic velocity
c) Decreased fetal heart rate variability
d) Increased amniotic fluid volume
Answer: a) Absent end-diastolic flow
30. What is the recommended management for a pregnant woman with suspected vasa previa?
a) Immediate induction of labor
b) Cesarean section at term
c) Vaginal delivery
d) Routine monitoring
Answer: b) Cesarean section at term
31. Which condition requires immediate delivery to avoid complications for both the mother and fetus?
a) Gestational diabetes
b) Placental abruption
c) Mild preeclampsia
d) Oligohydramnios
Answer: b) Placental abruption
32. What is the main purpose of a cervical cerclage?
a) To prevent preterm labor
b) To manage preeclampsia
c) To treat gestational diabetes
d) To correct fetal presentation
Answer: a) To prevent preterm labor
33. Which test is used to evaluate the severity of anemia in a fetus?
a) Amniocentesis
b) Umbilical artery Doppler
c) Non-stress test
d) Biophysical profile
Answer: b) Umbilical artery Doppler
34. What is a common feature of severe preeclampsia?
a) Absence of proteinuria
b) Elevated serum glucose
c) Severe hypertension
d) Mild edema
Answer: c) Severe hypertension
35. What is the primary indication for performing an ultrasound in high-risk pregnancies?
a) Confirm fetal sex
b) Evaluate fetal anatomy
c) Assess maternal weight
d) Monitor fetal movement
Answer: b) Evaluate fetal anatomy
36. Which medication is commonly used for the prevention of preterm labor?
a) Nifedipine
b) Magnesium sulfate
c) Labetalol
d) Insulin
Answer: b) Magnesium sulfate
37. What is the primary concern with a pregnant woman who has a history of recurrent miscarriages?
a) Gestational diabetes
b) Uterine abnormalities
c) Placenta previa
d) Preeclampsia
Answer: b) Uterine abnormalities
38. The use of which medication is recommended for managing fetal tachycardia?
a) Atropine
b) Digoxin
c) Terbutaline
d) Nifedipine
Answer: b) Digoxin
39. What does the term “fetal macrosomia” refer to?
a) Fetal growth restriction
b) Normal fetal size
c) Excessive fetal growth
d) Low amniotic fluid volume
Answer: c) Excessive fetal growth
40. What is the common management approach for a pregnant woman with suspected oligohydramnios?
a) Increased fluid intake
b) Induction of labor
c) Amniocentesis
d) Increased ultrasound monitoring
Answer: d) Increased ultrasound monitoring
41. Which condition is characterized by the presence of multiple cystic areas in the fetal brain?
a) Ventriculomegaly
b) Neural tube defect
c) Encephalocele
d) Hydranencephaly
Answer: a) Ventriculomegaly
42. What is the recommended delivery method for a woman with severe placenta previa?
a) Vaginal delivery
b) Scheduled cesarean section
c) Induction of labor
d) Emergency cesarean section
Answer: b) Scheduled cesarean section
43. What does the term “post-term pregnancy” refer to?
a) Delivery before 37 weeks of gestation
b) Delivery after 40 weeks of gestation
c) Delivery between 37 and 40 weeks of gestation
d) Delivery with signs of fetal distress
Answer: b) Delivery after 40 weeks of gestation
44. Which of the following conditions is a common indication for prenatal corticosteroid therapy?
a) Gestational diabetes
b) Placental abruption
c) Preterm labor
d) Preeclampsia
Answer: c) Preterm labor
45. What is the primary purpose of performing a Doppler ultrasound in high-risk pregnancies?
a) Assess fetal growth
b) Evaluate fetal heart rate
c) Monitor blood flow in fetal vessels
d) Determine fetal position
Answer: c) Monitor blood flow in fetal vessels
46. What is a major risk factor for developing preeclampsia?
a) Multiple gestations
b) Advanced maternal age
c) History of cesarean sections
d) Low maternal weight
Answer: b) Advanced maternal age
47. Which condition is indicated by the presence of a “snowstorm” pattern on ultrasound?
a) Hydatidiform mole
b) Ectopic pregnancy
c) Placental abruption
d) Ovarian cyst
Answer: a) Hydatidiform mole
48. What is a common sign of fetal anemia on an ultrasound?
a) Increased amniotic fluid
b) Decreased fetal movement
c) Absent end-diastolic flow in the umbilical artery
d) Presence of a fetal heart murmur
Answer: c) Absent end-diastolic flow in the umbilical artery
49. Which condition is characterized by a sudden loss of amniotic fluid?
a) Oligohydramnios
b) Polyhydramnios
c) Placenta previa
d) Preterm rupture of membranes
Answer: d) Preterm rupture of membranes
50. What is the recommended management for a pregnant woman with an elevated risk of preterm birth due to a short cervix?
a) Prolonged bed rest
b) Cervical cerclage
c) Routine fetal monitoring
d) Increased fluid intake
Answer: b) Cervical cerclage