Question 1:
\[
\text{The Gini Coefficient is a measure of inequality in a distribution. It is calculated using the formula:}
\]
\[
G = \frac{A}{A + B}
\]
\[
\text{Where: }
\]
\[
A \text{ is the area between the Lorenz curve and the line of perfect equality, and }
\]
\[
B \text{ is the area under the Lorenz curve.}
\]
Example:
\[
\text{Consider a distribution where the area between the Lorenz curve and the line of perfect equality is 0.25, and the area under the Lorenz curve is 0.75.}
\]
\[
\text{Then, the Gini coefficient is:}
\]
\[
G = \frac{0.25}{0.25 + 0.75} = \frac{0.25}{1} = 0.25
\]
\[
\text{The Gini Coefficient is } 0.25.
\]
