| Aspect | Deductive Reasoning | Inductive Reasoning |
| Introduction | · Starts with a general theory or hypothesis and seeks specific observations or evidence to support it. | · Begins with specific observations and uses them to develop a general theory or hypothesis. |
| Process | · Start with a general premise. · Apply the premise to specific cases. · Draw a specific conclusion. | · Collect specific observations or data. · Identify patterns or trends in the data. · Formulate a general hypothesis or theory. |
| Examples | · All living organisms are made of cells. · If an organism is a mammal, it has a backbone. | · Every bird can fly. · All observed organisms in a pond have gills. |
| Limitations | · Limited ability to discover new phenomena. | · Generalizations may not apply to all cases. |
| Application in Biology | · Confirming or refuting hypotheses about genetic inheritance. | · Exploring patterns of behavior within a population. |
Comparison between Deductive Reasoning and Inductive Reasoning
Let me share with you a comparison between Deductive Reasoning and Inductive Reasoning.