Let me share with you a comparison between Apoenzyme and Holoenzyme.
| Aspect |
Apoenzyme |
Holoenzyme |
| Introduction |
Inactive enzyme without its cofactor. |
Active enzyme with its cofactor. |
| Need of cofactor |
Requires a cofactor for activation. |
Contains the necessary cofactor for its activity. |
| Activity |
Inactive or has significantly reduced activity. |
Active and capable of catalyzing reactions. |
| Composition |
Protein component only. |
Protein component (apoprotein) + Cofactor (coenzyme or metal ion) = Holoenzyme. |
| Activation |
Becomes active upon binding with a cofactor. |
Constitutively active due to cofactor presence. |
| Role |
Serves as a precursor to the active enzyme. |
Represents the fully functional, catalytically active form of the enzyme. |
| Regulation |
Regulation often involves the addition of cofactors to convert apoenzyme to holoenzyme. |
Regulation may involve changes in cofactor availability or modulation of holoenzyme activity. |
| Examples |
· Apo-cytochrome c
· Apo-ribonuclease |
· Holo-cytochrome c (with heme)
· Holo-ribonuclease (with zinc ion) |
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