2. Which imaging technique is most effective for visualizing calcifications in the abdominal organs? A) CT scan B) MRI C) Ultrasound D) X-ray Answer: A) CT scan
3. What does the “coffee bean sign” indicate on an abdominal X-ray? A) Sigmoid volvulus B) Intestinal obstruction C) Appendicitis D) Bowel perforation Answer: A) Sigmoid volvulus
4. Which sign on an abdominal X-ray suggests free air under the diaphragm? A) Air fluid level B) Double bubble C) Ground-glass opacities D) Meniscus sign Answer: A) Air fluid level
5. What is the primary use of an abdominal ultrasound in emergency medicine? A) Assessing for free fluid or hemorrhage B) Evaluating bone fractures C) Diagnosing pulmonary embolism D) Monitoring heart function Answer: A) Assessing for free fluid or hemorrhage
6. On a CT scan, what does a “target sign” often represent? A) Intussusception B) Bowel obstruction C) Appendicitis D) Liver abscess Answer: A) Intussusception
7. What is the classic radiographic appearance of a bowel obstruction on an X-ray? A) Dilation of bowel loops with air-fluid levels B) Uniform density of bowel loops C) Blurred liver margins D) Calcifications in the liver Answer: A) Dilation of bowel loops with air-fluid levels
8. Which imaging modality is preferred for evaluating liver lesions? A) X-ray B) CT scan or MRI C) Ultrasound D) PET scan Answer: B) CT scan or MRI
9. What does a “string sign” on an abdominal X-ray typically suggest? A) Crohn’s disease B) Appendicitis C) Diverticulitis D) Pancreatitis Answer: A) Crohn’s disease
10. What is the main advantage of using MRI for abdominal imaging? A) Superior soft tissue contrast B) Faster imaging C) Lower cost D) Better bone detail Answer: A) Superior soft tissue contrast
11. Which imaging feature is characteristic of a gallbladder with cholelithiasis? A) Hyperechoic stones with acoustic shadowing on ultrasound B) Uniform opacity on X-ray C) Calcified rim on CT scan D) Fluid-filled sac on MRI Answer: A) Hyperechoic stones with acoustic shadowing on ultrasound
12. What does the “swiss cheese” appearance on a CT scan of the abdomen often indicate? A) Pancreatic pseudocyst B) Liver cirrhosis C) Renal cysts D) Bowel obstruction Answer: A) Pancreatic pseudocyst
13. What is the radiographic appearance of a normal spleen on X-ray? A) Not usually visible B) Uniform density with sharp borders C) Increased opacity compared to liver D) Air-filled shadow Answer: A) Not usually visible
14. What does the “shifting dullness” sign on an abdominal ultrasound indicate? A) Ascites B) Gallbladder inflammation C) Bowel obstruction D) Liver mass Answer: A) Ascites
15. Which imaging finding is most suggestive of an abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA)? A) Pulsatile mass on ultrasound B) Hyperdense liver on CT C) Air-fluid level in bowel D) Fluid collection in pelvis Answer: A) Pulsatile mass on ultrasound
16. What imaging feature is characteristic of acute appendicitis on CT? A) Enlarged appendix with surrounding fat stranding B) Dilated bowel loops C) Air-fluid levels in the stomach D) Calcified liver lesions Answer: A) Enlarged appendix with surrounding fat stranding
17. How does an MRI help in evaluating abdominal organs? A) Provides detailed soft tissue imaging B) Enhances bone imaging C) Reveals calcifications D) Shows air-fluid levels Answer: A) Provides detailed soft tissue imaging
18. What is the radiographic appearance of a liver hemangioma on a CT scan? A) Well-defined, hypervascular lesion with peripheral nodular enhancement B) Solid mass with uniform density C) Fluid-filled cyst D) Calcified lesion Answer: A) Well-defined, hypervascular lesion with peripheral nodular enhancement
19. Which imaging modality is best for assessing the liver for tumors or masses? A) X-ray B) CT scan C) PET scan D) Ultrasound Answer: B) CT scan
20. What does the presence of “free air” on an abdominal X-ray suggest? A) Perforation of a hollow organ B) Liver cirrhosis C) Bowel obstruction D) Ascites Answer: A) Perforation of a hollow organ
21. What is the characteristic appearance of renal stones on a non-contrast CT scan? A) Hyperdense, well-defined opacity B) Hypoechoic regions C) Air-fluid levels D) Soft tissue mass Answer: A) Hyperdense, well-defined opacity
22. How is bowel perforation typically identified on an abdominal CT scan? A) Presence of free air in the peritoneal cavity B) Enlarged bowel loops C) Fluid collection in the pelvis D) Calcified bowel segments Answer: A) Presence of free air in the peritoneal cavity
23. What does the “double bubble sign” on an abdominal X-ray suggest? A) Duodenal atresia B) Bowel obstruction C) Gallbladder disease D) Ascites Answer: A) Duodenal atresia
24. What is the primary indication for using contrast in abdominal CT imaging? A) To enhance visualization of blood vessels and organs B) To reduce radiation dose C) To evaluate bone structures D) To measure organ size Answer: A) To enhance visualization of blood vessels and organs
25. Which imaging feature is suggestive of diverticulitis on a CT scan? A) Thickened colonic wall with surrounding fat stranding B) Air-fluid levels C) Enlarged liver D) Calcified renal cysts Answer: A) Thickened colonic wall with surrounding fat stranding
26. What does the “free fluid” sign on an abdominal ultrasound usually indicate? A) Presence of ascites B) Bowel obstruction C) Liver mass D) Gallbladder stone Answer: A) Presence of ascites
27. Which imaging modality is used to diagnose and monitor pancreatitis? A) X-ray B) CT scan C) PET scan D) MRI Answer: B) CT scan
28. What does the “ground-glass opacity” on an abdominal CT scan typically represent? A) Infiltrative disease B) Bowel obstruction C) Renal cyst D) Air-fluid level Answer: A) Infiltrative disease
29. What imaging feature is often seen in an abdominal CT scan of a patient with hepatocellular carcinoma? A) Hypervascular mass with enhancement B) Fluid-filled cyst C) Calcified lesion D) Uniform liver opacity Answer: A) Hypervascular mass with enhancement
30. What is the purpose of using an oral contrast agent in abdominal CT imaging? A) To visualize the gastrointestinal tract B) To enhance bone imaging C) To reduce radiation exposure D) To assess soft tissue density Answer: A) To visualize the gastrointestinal tract
31. What does the “target sign” on an abdominal ultrasound usually indicate? A) Intussusception B) Ascites C) Liver cirrhosis D) Pancreatic cyst Answer: A) Intussusception
32. Which imaging modality is best for evaluating the appendix in suspected appendicitis? A) X-ray B) CT scan C) Ultrasound D) MRI Answer: B) CT scan
33. What is the characteristic appearance of a normal liver on an abdominal ultrasound? A) Homogeneous echogenicity B) Hypoechoic areas C) Hyperdense masses D) Fluid-filled cysts Answer: A) Homogeneous echogenicity
34. What does the “halo sign” on an abdominal CT scan indicate? A) Lymphoma or metastasis B) Bowel obstruction C) Hepatomegaly D) Pancreatitis Answer: A) Lymphoma or metastasis
35. What is the typical radiographic feature of a large hernia on an abdominal X-ray? A) Displacement of bowel loops B) Uniform density C) Air-fluid levels D) Calcified mass Answer: A) Displacement of bowel loops
36. What imaging feature is characteristic of a liver abscess on an ultrasound? A) Hypoechoic lesion with possible internal echoes B) Hyperdense mass C) Fluid-filled sac with calcifications D) Increased echogenicity Answer: A) Hypoechoic lesion with possible internal echoes
37. What is the primary benefit of using MRI for evaluating abdominal pathology? A) Excellent soft tissue resolution B) Lower cost C) Faster imaging D) Enhanced bone detail Answer: A) Excellent soft tissue resolution
38. What does the “biliary tree dilation” on an abdominal ultrasound typically indicate? A) Obstructive jaundice or choledocholithiasis B) Liver cirrhosis C) Pancreatic cyst D) Renal stones Answer: A) Obstructive jaundice or choledocholithiasis
39. Which imaging modality is most useful for identifying small bowel Crohn’s disease? A) X-ray B) Ultrasound C) PET scan D) CT enterography Answer: D) CT enterography
40. What does the “perforated viscus” sign on an abdominal X-ray indicate? A) Presence of free air in the peritoneal cavity B) Enlarged spleen C) Fluid-filled stomach D) Calcified renal mass Answer: A) Presence of free air in the peritoneal cavity
41. What is the characteristic appearance of acute cholecystitis on an abdominal ultrasound? A) Thickened gallbladder wall with pericholecystic fluid B) Enlarged liver C) Fluid-filled cyst D) Hypervascular mass Answer: A) Thickened gallbladder wall with pericholecystic fluid
42. How is appendicitis typically identified on an abdominal ultrasound? A) Enlarged, non-compressible appendix with increased blood flow B) Fluid-filled cyst C) Calcified lesion D) Air-fluid level Answer: A) Enlarged, non-compressible appendix with increased blood flow
43. What is the typical appearance of a kidney stone on an abdominal X-ray? A) Hyperdense opacity B) Hypoechoic area C) Fluid-filled cyst D) Blurred organ margins Answer: A) Hyperdense opacity
44. What does the “string of pearls” sign on an abdominal X-ray suggest? A) Small bowel obstruction B) Liver cirrhosis C) Renal cysts D) Pancreatic pseudocyst Answer: A) Small bowel obstruction
45. What imaging feature is indicative of a malignant liver tumor? A) Irregular margins with heterogeneous enhancement B) Smooth, well-defined mass C) Homogeneous echogenicity D) Calcified lesion Answer: A) Irregular margins with heterogeneous enhancement
46. What does the “dilated bowel loops” sign on an abdominal X-ray usually indicate? A) Bowel obstruction B) Liver disease C) Renal stones D) Pancreatic cyst Answer: A) Bowel obstruction
47. How is a pancreatic cyst typically visualized on an abdominal CT scan? A) Well-defined, fluid-filled lesion B) Hyperdense mass C) Calcified structure D) Air-fluid level Answer: A) Well-defined, fluid-filled lesion
48. What is the significance of the “target sign” on an abdominal ultrasound in children? A) Intussusception B) Appendicitis C) Ascites D) Hepatomegaly Answer: A) Intussusception
49. What imaging feature is typical of a liver hemangioma on an MRI? A) Bright T2-weighted signal with peripheral nodular enhancement B) Hypoechoic lesion C) Hyperdense mass D) Calcified rim Answer: A) Bright T2-weighted signal with peripheral nodular enhancement
50. What does the “crescent sign” on an abdominal CT scan often represent? A) Hepatic subcapsular hematoma B) Bowel obstruction C) Renal cyst D) Liver cirrhosis Answer: A) Hepatic subcapsular hematoma
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