Wireless sensor networks (WSN) – MCQs – EE

1. What does WSN stand for?
(A) Wireless Sensor Node
(B) Wireless Sensor Network
(C) Wide Sensor Network
(D) Wired Sensor Network

2. A Wireless Sensor Network consists mainly of:
(A) Sensors, actuators, and routers
(B) Sensor nodes communicating wirelessly
(C) Only wired communication devices
(D) Large servers only

3. The main purpose of a Wireless Sensor Network is to:
(A) Collect and transmit data from physical environments
(B) Generate electrical energy
(C) Store data permanently
(D) Replace all wired systems

4. Which of the following is not a component of a typical WSN node?
(A) Sensor
(B) Microcontroller
(C) Power supply
(D) Transformer

5. The core components of a sensor node are:
(A) Sensing unit, processing unit, communication unit, and power unit
(B) Router, switch, and modem
(C) Battery only
(D) Antenna and display

6. The sensing unit in WSN performs:
(A) Data collection from the environment
(B) Data transmission to cloud
(C) Network routing
(D) Power management

7. The processing unit in a sensor node is typically a:
(A) Microcontroller or microprocessor
(B) Resistor
(C) Antenna
(D) Power converter

8. The communication unit of a sensor node is responsible for:
(A) Wireless data transmission and reception
(B) Data storage
(C) Measuring voltage
(D) Power regulation

9. The power unit in a WSN node usually consists of:
(A) Battery or energy-harvesting module
(B) Solar cell only
(C) Generator
(D) Transformer

10. Which of the following is a typical WSN communication protocol?
(A) ZigBee
(B) Wi-Fi
(C) Bluetooth
(D) All of the above

11. The most energy-efficient communication standard for WSNs is:
(A) ZigBee (IEEE 802.15.4)
(B) Wi-Fi (IEEE 802.11)
(C) Ethernet (IEEE 802.3)
(D) LTE

12. The sink node in WSN is used to:
(A) Collect data from other sensor nodes
(B) Generate signals
(C) Filter analog data
(D) Store energy

13. The network topology in which all nodes send data to a central node is called:
(A) Star topology
(B) Mesh topology
(C) Ring topology
(D) Tree topology

14. In a mesh topology, each node:
(A) Communicates with multiple other nodes
(B) Connects only to one central hub
(C) Has no communication ability
(D) Stores data only

15. The main challenge in WSNs is:
(A) Power consumption and limited energy
(B) High data rate
(C) Large data storage
(D) Software complexity

16. Which layer in WSN handles routing and data forwarding?
(A) Network layer
(B) Transport layer
(C) Application layer
(D) Physical layer

17. The MAC layer in WSN is responsible for:
(A) Channel access and collision avoidance
(B) Power management
(C) Sensor calibration
(D) Encryption

18. The physical layer in WSN deals with:
(A) Transmission and reception of raw data bits
(B) Routing decisions
(C) Data aggregation
(D) Application control

19. In WSN, data aggregation is used to:
(A) Reduce redundant data transmission
(B) Increase power consumption
(C) Lower data accuracy
(D) Disable routing

20. Which routing protocol is commonly used in WSN?
(A) LEACH
(B) RIP
(C) OSPF
(D) BGP

21. The LEACH protocol is designed to:
(A) Save energy through clustering
(B) Increase bandwidth
(C) Improve frequency response
(D) Reduce voltage drops

22. A cluster head in a WSN:
(A) Collects and transmits data from cluster nodes to the sink
(B) Acts as a repeater only
(C) Stores backup data
(D) Measures signal strength

23. The lifetime of a WSN mainly depends on:
(A) Energy efficiency of sensor nodes
(B) Antenna size
(C) Number of gateways
(D) Communication range only

24. The data rate in most WSNs is typically:
(A) Low
(B) Very high
(C) Constant
(D) Variable and high

25. Which frequency band is commonly used in WSNs?
(A) 2.4 GHz ISM band
(B) 5 GHz Wi-Fi band
(C) 60 GHz millimeter wave
(D) 900 MHz cellular band only

26. The energy harvesting technique for WSNs can utilize:
(A) Solar, thermal, or vibration energy
(B) Only battery backup
(C) AC mains
(D) Magnetic flux

27. Which of the following is a major security concern in WSNs?
(A) Node capture and data interception
(B) Sensor calibration errors
(C) Network congestion
(D) Communication delay

28. The QoS (Quality of Service) in WSN refers to:
(A) Reliability, latency, and throughput of data transmission
(B) Battery voltage
(C) Node spacing
(D) Frequency allocation

29. WSNs are widely used in:
(A) Environmental monitoring and smart grids
(B) Nuclear reactions
(C) Chemical production
(D) Loudspeaker design

30. The ultimate goal of a Wireless Sensor Network is to:
(A) Sense, process, and transmit data efficiently using minimal power
(B) Replace wired internet
(C) Amplify electrical power
(D) Increase hardware complexity