Wireless sensor networks – MCQs – EE

1. What does WSN stand for?
(A) Wireless Sensor Network
(B) Wired Signal Node
(C) Wireless Signal Notation
(D) Wide Sensing Network

2. A Wireless Sensor Network consists mainly of:
(A) Sensor nodes, sink nodes, and base stations
(B) Only antennas
(C) Relays and routers only
(D) Transformers and generators

3. The main function of a sensor node is to:
(A) Sense, process, and transmit data wirelessly
(B) Generate electrical power
(C) Amplify analog signals
(D) Control voltage levels

4. The sink node in a WSN acts as:
(A) A data collection and communication point
(B) A power generator
(C) A noise filter
(D) A data encryptor

5. Which of the following is a key characteristic of a WSN?
(A) Self-organization and wireless communication
(B) Wired data transfer
(C) Manual data handling
(D) Fixed node positions only

6. Which communication protocol is commonly used in WSNs?
(A) Zigbee (IEEE 802.15.4)
(B) HDMI
(C) CAN bus
(D) RS-232

7. The energy source of most sensor nodes is:
(A) Battery or energy harvester
(B) Generator
(C) Transformer
(D) Induction coil

8. In a WSN, nodes communicate through:
(A) Radio frequency (RF) signals
(B) Optical fiber
(C) Coaxial cable
(D) Infrared light only

9. The main challenge in WSN design is:
(A) Limited energy and bandwidth
(B) Excessive power availability
(C) Large node size
(D) Wired interference

10. The topology in which every node connects directly to a base station is called:
(A) Star topology
(B) Mesh topology
(C) Ring topology
(D) Tree topology

11. A mesh topology in WSN offers:
(A) High reliability and redundancy
(B) Single point of failure
(C) Centralized control
(D) Only wired connectivity

12. The cluster head in a WSN is responsible for:
(A) Collecting data from member nodes and sending it to the sink
(B) Generating voltage signals
(C) Amplifying RF power
(D) Encrypting external data

13. Data aggregation in WSN helps in:
(A) Reducing communication overhead and power consumption
(B) Increasing data redundancy
(C) Decreasing network life
(D) Blocking communication

14. The typical frequency band used in WSNs is:
(A) 2.4 GHz ISM band
(B) 60 Hz
(C) 900 MHz GSM band
(D) 50 kHz audio range

15. Localization in WSN refers to:
(A) Determining the geographical position of sensor nodes
(B) Data encryption
(C) Power balancing
(D) Antenna tuning

16. The lifetime of a WSN depends mainly on:
(A) Energy consumption of sensor nodes
(B) Network bandwidth
(C) Signal frequency
(D) Number of antennas

17. The MAC layer in WSN handles:
(A) Channel access and collision avoidance
(B) Routing
(C) Power control
(D) Data encryption

18. The LEACH protocol in WSN is used for:
(A) Energy-efficient clustering
(B) Frequency modulation
(C) Encryption
(D) Power amplification

19. The routing protocol in a WSN determines:
(A) The path data packets follow to reach the base station
(B) Power source type
(C) Node manufacturing details
(D) Wireless channel frequency

20. A multi-hop network means:
(A) Data is forwarded through intermediate nodes before reaching the sink
(B) Each node directly connects to the base station
(C) Only one node transmits
(D) No communication occurs

21. The main advantage of WSNs is:
(A) Remote sensing and monitoring without wiring
(B) Large data storage
(C) High power consumption
(D) Simple hardware design only

22. In WSNs, data fusion is used to:
(A) Combine data from multiple sensors to improve accuracy
(B) Reduce data redundancy
(C) Increase processing delay
(D) Store data in hardware

23. The energy harvesting method in WSN may use:
(A) Solar, thermal, or vibration energy
(B) Diesel generators
(C) Chemical batteries only
(D) Hydraulic pressure

24. WSNs are extensively used in:
(A) Environmental monitoring and industrial automation
(B) Manual control systems
(C) Electric motor drives
(D) Battery chargers

25. QoS (Quality of Service) in WSN relates to:
(A) Delay, throughput, and reliability of data transfer
(B) Voltage regulation
(C) Bandwidth allocation only
(D) Power conversion

26. The TinyOS operating system is specifically designed for:
(A) Wireless Sensor Networks
(B) Personal computers
(C) Microcontrollers only
(D) Data servers

27. The sensor node’s transceiver is responsible for:
(A) Sending and receiving wireless data
(B) Measuring temperature
(C) Performing ADC conversion
(D) Processing information only

28. The base station in a WSN typically connects to:
(A) The internet or control center
(B) Only one node
(C) The nearest transformer
(D) Satellite network only

29. Security threats in WSNs include:
(A) Eavesdropping, data tampering, and node capture
(B) Over-voltage
(C) High current flow
(D) Electromagnetic induction

30. The main goal of WSN design is to:
(A) Maximize network lifetime and data reliability
(B) Increase hardware size
(C) Minimize sensing accuracy
(D) Increase manual control