1. What is the most common symptom of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)?
A) Hematuria
B) Dysuria
C) Urinary frequency
D) Urinary incontinence
Answer: C) Urinary frequency
2. Which diagnostic test is considered the gold standard for diagnosing prostate cancer?
A) Ultrasound
B) CT scan
C) MRI
D) Prostate biopsy
Answer: D) Prostate biopsy
3. What is the primary cause of acute pyelonephritis?
A) Viral infection
B) Fungal infection
C) Bacterial infection
D) Parasitic infection
Answer: C) Bacterial infection
4. Which condition is characterized by the presence of stones in the urinary tract?
A) Cystitis
B) Nephrolithiasis
C) Urethritis
D) Hydronephrosis
Answer: B) Nephrolithiasis
5. What is the first-line treatment for uncomplicated cystitis in women?
A) Surgery
B) Antibiotics
C) Antiviral medications
D) Pain management
Answer: B) Antibiotics
6. What is the term for a condition where there is an abnormal backflow of urine from the bladder into the ureters?
A) Vesicoureteral reflux
B) Ureterocele
C) Hydronephrosis
D) Urethral stricture
Answer: A) Vesicoureteral reflux
7. What imaging study is most commonly used to evaluate the renal arteries and diagnose renal artery stenosis?
A) X-ray
B) MRI
C) Doppler ultrasound
D) CT scan
Answer: C) Doppler ultrasound
8. What is the primary symptom of interstitial cystitis?
A) Hematuria
B) Chronic pelvic pain
C) Frequent urination
D) Urinary incontinence
Answer: B) Chronic pelvic pain
9. Which urological condition involves the twisting of the spermatic cord, leading to reduced blood flow to the testicle?
A) Hydrocele
B) Epididymitis
C) Testicular torsion
D) Varicocele
Answer: C) Testicular torsion
10. What is the common first-line treatment for erectile dysfunction?
A) Penile implants
B) Oral phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors (e.g., sildenafil)
C) Testosterone replacement therapy
D) Vacuum erection devices
Answer: B) Oral phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors (e.g., sildenafil)