Software Engineering Qualification related questions
Which software development model is characterized by sequential phases such as requirements, design, implementation, testing, and maintenance?
A) Agile
B) Waterfall
C) Spiral
D) V-Model
Answer: B) Waterfall
In Agile methodology, what is the term for a time-boxed period during which a specific set of work must be completed and made ready for review?
A) Sprint
B) Iteration
C) Release
D) Phase
Answer: A) Sprint
What is the main goal of software requirement analysis?
A) To create code
B) To identify user needs and system requirements
C) To design the user interface
D) To perform system testing
Answer: B) To identify user needs and system requirements
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of good software design?
A) High cohesion
B) Low coupling
C) High redundancy
D) Maintainability
Answer: C) High redundancy
Which software development methodology emphasizes collaboration, customer feedback, and small, rapid releases?
A) Waterfall
B) Agile
C) V-Model
D) RAD (Rapid Application Development)
Answer: B) Agile
What does the acronym UML stand for?
A) Unified Model Language
B) Universal Modeling Language
C) Unified Modeling Language
D) Universal Model Language
Answer: C) Unified Modeling Language
In software engineering, what does the acronym MVC stand for?
A) Model-View-Controller
B) Main-View-Control
C) Model-View-Component
D) Module-View-Control
Answer: A) Model-View-Controller
What is the primary focus of the Spiral model in software development?
A) Risk management
B) Speed of delivery
C) Cost reduction
D) User interface design
Answer: A) Risk management
Which of the following is a key practice in Extreme Programming (XP)?
A) Pair Programming
B) Big Design Up Front (BDUF)
C) Sequential Development
D) Minimal Testing
Answer: A) Pair Programming
What is the purpose of a software prototype?
A) To replace the final product
B) To demonstrate and validate functionality
C) To execute performance tests
D) To finalize the user interface
Answer: B) To demonstrate and validate functionality
What is a use case diagram primarily used for in software engineering?
A) To model database schemas
B) To describe interactions between users and the system
C) To detail the physical deployment of hardware
D) To specify algorithm performance
Answer: B) To describe interactions between users and the system
What is a key benefit of modular design in software engineering?
A) Increased redundancy
B) Enhanced scalability
C) Greater difficulty in debugging
D) Increased code complexity
Answer: B) Enhanced scalability
Which of the following is a non-functional requirement in software engineering?
A) User authentication
B) System performance
C) Order processing
D) Payment gateway integration
Answer: B) System performance
What is the main purpose of version control systems like Git?
A) To manage server configurations
B) To track changes in source code
C) To automate software deployment
D) To optimize code performance
Answer: B) To track changes in source code
In software testing, what is the purpose of regression testing?
A) To test new features
B) To ensure that new changes have not affected existing functionality
C) To test the software under maximum load
D) To evaluate system security
Answer: B) To ensure that new changes have not affected existing functionality
Which of the following is NOT a software development life cycle (SDLC) model?
A) Waterfall
B) Agile
C) Prototype
D) Binary
Answer: D) Binary
What is the primary purpose of software maintenance?
A) To add new features
B) To correct defects
C) To improve performance
D) All of the above
Answer: D) All of the above
Which of the following activities is performed during the design phase of the SDLC?
A) Requirement gathering
B) Coding
C) Architectural design
D) Unit testing
Answer: C) Architectural design
What does the acronym API stand for in software engineering?
A) Application Programming Interface
B) Application Process Integration
C) Application Protocol Interface
D) Automated Program Integration
Answer: A) Application Programming Interface
Which software testing technique involves the examination of the program’s source code?
A) Black-box testing
B) White-box testing
C) Alpha testing
D) Beta testing
Answer: B) White-box testing
What is the main goal of refactoring code in software engineering?
A) To add new features
B) To fix bugs
C) To improve code readability and maintainability
D) To optimize performance
Answer: C) To improve code readability and maintainability
Which document outlines the features and functions of a software system that will be built?
A) User Manual
B) Design Document
C) Requirements Specification
D) Test Plan
Answer: C) Requirements Specification
What is the term for a software development approach that allows software to be developed and delivered in small, functional segments?
A) Big Bang Approach
B) Iterative Development
C) Waterfall Model
D) Linear Development
Answer: B) Iterative Development
What is the primary function of continuous integration (CI) in software development?
A) To deploy software
B) To integrate and test code changes frequently
C) To write documentation
D) To perform usability testing
Answer: B) To integrate and test code changes frequently
In object-oriented design, what does the term “inheritance” refer to?
A) Sharing resources among objects
B) Deriving new classes from existing ones
C) Encapsulating data and behavior
D) Overloading methods
Answer: B) Deriving new classes from existing ones
Which principle in software engineering states that software entities should be open for extension but closed for modification?
A) Single Responsibility Principle
B) Open/Closed Principle
C) Liskov Substitution Principle
D) Dependency Inversion Principle
Answer: B) Open/Closed Principle
What is the main purpose of a software design pattern?
A) To improve code performance
B) To provide a reusable solution to common problems
C) To reduce code size
D) To enforce coding standards
Answer: B) To provide a reusable solution to common problems
In Agile development, what is a “user story”?
A) A detailed technical specification
B) A description of a feature from the end user’s perspective
C) A list of software defects
D) A project plan
Answer: B) A description of a feature from the end user’s perspective
What is the primary goal of the Test-Driven Development (TDD) approach?
A) To write as much code as possible
B) To minimize testing efforts
C) To write tests before code to ensure functionality
D) To automate deployment
Answer: C) To write tests before code to ensure functionality
Which of the following is a common Agile framework?
A) Waterfall
B) Scrum
C) V-Model
D) RAD
Answer: B) Scrum
What is the term for a pre-defined way of solving a recurring problem in software architecture?
A) Design pattern
B) Algorithm
C) Protocol
D) Library
Answer: A) Design pattern
What is the primary role of a software architect?
A) To write code
B) To design high-level structure and ensure software quality
C) To test software
D) To manage the project budget
Answer: B) To design high-level structure and ensure software quality
Which phase of the SDLC involves coding and converting design documentation into actual software?
A) Planning
B) Analysis
C) Implementation
D) Testing
Answer: C) Implementation
In software engineering, what does the acronym SOLID stand for?
A) Simple, Organized, Logical, Inexpensive, Detailed
B) Single Responsibility, Open/Closed, Liskov Substitution, Interface Segregation, Dependency Inversion
C) Secure, Optimized, Lightweight, Interoperable, Documented
D) Scalable, Object-Oriented, Layered, Integrated, Distributed
Answer: B) Single Responsibility, Open/Closed, Liskov Substitution, Interface Segregation, Dependency Inversion
What is a primary advantage of using microservices architecture?
A) Reduced development time
B) Easier to scale and maintain individual components
C) Simplified deployment process
D) Unified data storage
Answer: B) Easier to scale and maintain individual components
What does Continuous Deployment (CD) entail in a DevOps pipeline?
A) Automatically deploying every change that passes the automated tests to production
B) Manually deploying software updates to production
C) Integrating code changes continuously
D) Creating backups before deployment
Answer: A) Automatically deploying every change that passes the automated tests to production
What is the primary focus of the Kanban method in Agile development?
A) Time-boxed iterations
B) Visualizing work to optimize flow
C) Detailed upfront planning
D) Strict roles and responsibilities
Answer: B) Visualizing work to optimize flow
Which software metric measures the complexity of a program’s control flow?
A) Cyclomatic Complexity
B) Function Point
C) Code Coverage
D) Defect Density
Answer: A) Cyclomatic Complexity
What is the main purpose of a design document in software engineering?
A) To provide code samples
B) To outline the software architecture and detailed design
C) To list user requirements
D) To perform code reviews
Answer: B) To outline the software architecture and detailed design
What is the goal of black-box testing?
A) To test internal code structure
B) To test software without looking at the internal code structure
C) To test database performance
D) To test network security
Answer: B) To test software without looking at the internal code structure
What does the acronym DRY stand for in software engineering?
A) Do Read Yourself
B) Don’t Repeat Yourself
C) Data Redundancy Yield
D) Debug, Refactor, Yield
Answer: B) Don’t Repeat Yourself
In object-oriented programming, what does polymorphism refer to?
A) Creating multiple instances of a class
B) The ability to take on many forms
C) Encapsulating data within a class
D) The inheritance of properties from a parent class
Answer: B) The ability to take on many forms
What is the term for the practice of merging all developer working copies to a shared mainline several times a day?
A) Branching
B) Forking
C) Continuous Integration
D) Rebasing
Answer: C) Continuous Integration
In a relational database, what is the purpose of a foreign key?
A) To uniquely identify a record
B) To enforce referential integrity between tables
C) To speed up data retrieval
D) To store large binary objects
Answer: B) To enforce referential integrity between tables
What is the purpose of a software test plan?
A) To detail the coding standards
B) To describe the scope, approach, resources, and schedule of testing activities
C) To provide user manuals
D) To document software requirements
Answer: B) To describe the scope, approach, resources, and schedule of testing activities
In software engineering, what is encapsulation?
A) Hiding the internal state and requiring all interaction to be performed through an object’s methods
B) The ability of different classes to be treated as instances of the same class through inheritance
C) Creating subclasses from a superclass
D) Overriding methods in subclasses
Answer: A) Hiding the internal state and requiring all interaction to be performed through an object’s methods
What is a software “build”?
A) The process of writing code
B) The compiled version of the software that is ready for testing
C) The phase in which software requirements are gathered
D) The documentation of software design
Answer: B) The compiled version of the software that is ready for testing
Which term describes a simplified version of the final system used to evaluate design choices and user interactions?
A) Prototype
B) Final Product
C) Beta Version
D) Alpha Version
Answer: A) Prototype
What does the acronym REST stand for in software development?
A) Realtime Event Streaming Technology
B) Representational State Transfer
C) Remote Scripting Terminal
D) Real Simple Text
Answer: B) Representational State Transfer
In Agile development, what is a product backlog?
A) A list of bugs to be fixed
B) A prioritized list of features and tasks for the development team
C) A set of testing procedures
D) A collection of user feedback
Answer: B) A prioritized list of features and tasks for the development team