Microelectronic Engineering & Semiconductor Physics Qualification related questions

What is the most common material used as a semiconductor in microelectronics? a) Copper b) Silicon c) Aluminum d) Gold Answer: b) Silicon What is the purpose of doping in semiconductor materials? a) To reduce conductivity b) To increase resistivity c) To introduce impurities and alter conductivity d) To prevent electron flow Answer: c) To introduce impurities and alter conductivity What is a P-type semiconductor? a) A semiconductor with excess electrons b) A semiconductor with excess holes c) A semiconductor with equal electrons and holes d) A semiconductor without impurities Answer: b) A semiconductor with excess holes Which semiconductor device is used for amplifying or switching electronic signals? a) Transistor b) Capacitor c) Resistor d) Inductor Answer: a) Transistor What is the function of a diode in microelectronics? a) To amplify signals b) To store charge c) To rectify current d) To regulate voltage Answer: c) To rectify current What is the role of the depletion region in a semiconductor diode? a) It enhances current flow b) It acts as an insulator c) It prevents current flow d) It stabilizes voltage Answer: c) It prevents current flow What is the purpose of a Schottky diode in microelectronics? a) To regulate voltage b) To rectify current c) To store charge d) To amplify signals Answer: b) To rectify current Which semiconductor device is commonly used for storing electrical charge in microelectronics? a) Transistor b) Capacitor c) Resistor d) Inductor Answer: b) Capacitor What is the primary function of a MOSFET (Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Field-Effect Transistor)? a) To amplify signals b) To regulate voltage c) To control current flow d) To store charge Answer: c) To control current flow What is the purpose of an integrated circuit (IC) in microelectronics? a) To amplify signals b) To store charge c) To combine multiple electronic components on a single chip d) To regulate voltage Answer: c) To combine multiple electronic components on a single chip What is the primary function of a bipolar junction transistor (BJT)? a) To store charge b) To regulate voltage c) To amplify signals d) To control current flow Answer: c) To amplify signals What is the purpose of a CMOS (Complementary Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor) technology in microelectronics? a) To regulate voltage b) To store charge c) To control current flow d) To integrate digital circuits with low power consumption Answer: d) To integrate digital circuits with low power consumption What is the function of a photodiode in microelectronics? a) To convert light into electrical current b) To amplify signals c) To store charge d) To regulate voltage Answer: a) To convert light into electrical current Which semiconductor material is commonly used in light-emitting diodes (LEDs)? a) Silicon b) Gallium arsenide c) Germanium d) Aluminum oxide Answer: b) Gallium arsenide What is the primary function of a varactor diode in microelectronics? a) To amplify signals b) To regulate voltage c) To store charge d) To vary capacitance with applied voltage Answer: d) To vary capacitance with applied voltage Which semiconductor device is commonly used for converting analog signals into digital signals? a) ADC (Analog-to-Digital Converter) b) DAC (Digital-to-Analog Converter) c) Microcontroller d) Operational amplifier Answer: a) ADC (Analog-to-Digital Converter)What is the primary function of a zener diode in microelectronics? a) To amplify signals b) To regulate voltage c) To store charge d) To convert light into electrical current Answer: b) To regulate voltage Which semiconductor device is commonly used for voltage amplification in electronic circuits? a) Diode b) Transistor c) Capacitor d) Inductor Answer: b) Transistor What is the role of a Hall Effect sensor in microelectronics? a) To amplify signals b) To detect magnetic fields c) To regulate voltage d) To convert light into electrical current Answer: b) To detect magnetic fields Which type of semiconductor material exhibits negative temperature coefficient of resistance? a) Intrinsic semiconductor b) Extrinsic semiconductor c) N-type semiconductor d) P-type semiconductor Answer: a) Intrinsic semiconductor What is the primary function of a thyristor in microelectronics? a) To amplify signals b) To regulate voltage c) To control high-power circuits d) To convert light into electrical current Answer: c) To control high-power circuits Which semiconductor device is commonly used for signal conditioning and filtering? a) Transistor b) Operational amplifier c) Capacitor d) Diode Answer: b) Operational amplifier What is the function of a field-effect transistor (FET) in microelectronics? a) To amplify signals b) To regulate voltage c) To control current flow d) To convert light into electrical current Answer: c) To control current flow Which semiconductor material is commonly used in solar cells for converting light into electricity? a) Silicon b) Gallium arsenide c) Germanium d) Aluminum oxide Answer: a) Silicon What is the primary purpose of a MEMS (Microelectromechanical Systems) device in microelectronics? a) To amplify signals b) To regulate voltage c) To integrate mechanical and electrical components on a chip d) To convert light into electrical current Answer: c) To integrate mechanical and electrical components on a chip Which semiconductor device is commonly used for voltage stabilization in electronic circuits? a) Diode b) Zener diode c) Transistor d) Capacitor Answer: b) Zener diode What is the primary function of a silicon-controlled rectifier (SCR) in microelectronics? a) To amplify signals b) To regulate voltage c) To control high-power circuits d) To convert light into electrical current Answer: c) To control high-power circuits Which semiconductor device is commonly used for signal modulation and demodulation? a) Transistor b) Operational amplifier c) Diode d) Modulator-demodulator (Modem) Answer: d) Modulator-demodulator (Modem) What is the role of a phase-locked loop (PLL) in microelectronics? a) To amplify signals b) To regulate voltage c) To synchronize signals and clocks d) To convert light into electrical current Answer: c) To synchronize signals and clocks Which semiconductor device is commonly used for waveform shaping and generation? a) Operational amplifier b) Diode c) Transistor d) Timer (555 IC) Answer: d) Timer (555 IC) What is the primary function of a voltage regulator in microelectronics? a) To amplify signals b) To regulate voltage c) To control high-power circuits d) To convert light into electrical current Answer: b) To regulate voltage Which semiconductor material is commonly used in high-frequency electronic circuits? a) Silicon b) Gallium arsenide c) Germanium d) Aluminum oxide Answer: b) Gallium arsenide What is the function of a varistor in microelectronics? a) To amplify signals b) To regulate voltage c) To protect against voltage spikes d) To convert light into electrical current Answer: c) To protect against voltage spikes Which semiconductor device is commonly used for logic operations in digital circuits? a) Operational amplifier b) Diode c) Transistor d) Logic gate Answer: d) Logic gate What is the primary function of a thermal sensor in microelectronics? a) To amplify signals b) To measure temperature c) To regulate voltage d) To convert light into electrical current Answer: b) To measure temperature Which semiconductor material is commonly used in microwave electronic circuits? a) Silicon b) Gallium arsenide c) Germanium d) Aluminum oxide Answer: b) Gallium arsenide What is the role of a surge protector in microelectronics? a) To amplify signals b) To regulate voltage c) To protect against power surges d) To convert light into electrical current Answer: c) To protect against power surges Which semiconductor device is commonly used for frequency conversion in radio communication? a) Operational amplifier b) Diode c) Transistor d) Mixer Answer: d) Mixer What is the primary function of a current limiter in microelectronics? a) To amplify signals b) To regulate voltage c) To limit current flow d) To convert light into electrical current Answer: c) To limit current flow