1. What is the primary function of an operating system?
A) Memory management
B) Processing images
C) Compiling code
D) Running hardware diagnostics
Answer: A) Memory management
2. In networking, the term “WAN” stands for:
A) Wide Area Network
B) Wireless Area Network
C) World Area Network
D) Web Access Network
Answer: A) Wide Area Network
3. What does CPU stand for in computing?
A) Central Process Unit
B) Central Processing Unit
C) Core Process Unit
D) Computer Processing Unit
Answer: B) Central Processing Unit
4. Which programming language is primarily used for web development on the server side?
A) JavaScript
B) HTML
C) PHP
D) CSS
Answer: C) PHP
5. The binary number 1010 is equal to which decimal number?
A) 10
B) 5
C) 8
D) 15
Answer: A) 10
6. What does SQL stand for?
A) Structured Quality Language
B) Simple Query Language
C) Structured Query Language
D) Simplified Question Language
Answer: C) Structured Query Language
7. Which of the following is a NoSQL database?
A) MySQL
B) Oracle
C) MongoDB
D) SQL Server
Answer: C) MongoDB
8. In programming, which of these is a loop structure?
A) If-Else
B) While
C) Switch
D) Break
Answer: B) While
9. Which sorting algorithm has a time complexity of O(n^2) in the worst case?
A) Merge Sort
B) Quick Sort
C) Bubble Sort
D) Radix Sort
Answer: C) Bubble Sort
10. What does API stand for?
A) Application Performance Interface
B) Application Programming Interface
C) Advanced Program Interaction
D) Advanced Performance Interface
Answer: B) Application Programming Interface
(Database Systems, Programming, Networking, Data Structures)
11. In SQL, which keyword is used to eliminate duplicate records?
A) UNIQUE
B) DISTINCT
C) DELETE
D) DROP
Answer: B) DISTINCT
12. Which of the following is NOT a relational database management system?
A) SQLite
B) MySQL
C) PostgreSQL
D) Redis
Answer: D) Redis
13. Which data structure uses a Last In, First Out (LIFO) principle?
A) Queue
B) Stack
C) Array
D) Linked List
Answer: B) Stack
14. In OOP, which of the following represents a “has-a” relationship?
A) Inheritance
B) Polymorphism
C) Composition
D) Encapsulation
Answer: C) Composition
15. Which layer of the OSI model is responsible for routing?
A) Application
B) Network
C) Transport
D) Data Link
Answer: B) Network
16. Which of these is a DDL command in SQL?
A) SELECT
B) INSERT
C) UPDATE
D) CREATE
Answer: D) CREATE
17. In C++, which operator is used to access a class’s member functions?
A) ::
B) ->
C) .
D) *
Answer: C) .
18. What is the time complexity of the linear search algorithm?
A) O(1)
B) O(log n)
C) O(n)
D) O(n^2)
Answer: C) O(n)
19. In Python, which keyword is used to define a function?
A) def
B) func
C) function
D) declare
Answer: A) def
20. Which protocol is used for secure data transmission over the internet?
A) HTTP
B) FTP
C) SMTP
D) HTTPS
Answer: D) HTTPS
(Algorithms, Machine Learning, Cybersecurity, Software Engineering)
21. Which algorithm is used for finding the shortest path in a graph?
A) Bubble Sort
B) Dijkstra’s Algorithm
C) Prim’s Algorithm
D) Depth First Search
Answer: B) Dijkstra’s Algorithm
22. In machine learning, which of the following is a supervised learning algorithm?
A) K-means clustering
B) Decision Tree
C) PCA
D) t-SNE
Answer: B) Decision Tree
23. What does “Encapsulation” refer to in object-oriented programming?
A) Inheritance
B) Data hiding
C) Code reuse
D) Object sharing
Answer: B) Data hiding
24. Which of these is used to prevent unauthorized access to a network?
A) Router
B) Firewall
C) Modem
D) Switch
Answer: B) Firewall
25. What is Agile primarily used for in software development?
A) Testing code
B) Managing projects
C) Designing databases
D) Securing networks
Answer: B) Managing projects
(Cloud Computing, Data Science, Computer Architecture, Artificial Intelligence)
26. Which of the following is a platform as a service (PaaS) provider?
A) Amazon EC2
B) Google App Engine
C) Microsoft Azure Storage
D) Dropbox
Answer: B) Google App Engine
27. What is the purpose of a cache memory in computer architecture?
A) To store data permanently
B) To speed up access to frequently used data
C) To reduce electricity usage
D) To connect multiple computers
Answer: B) To speed up access to frequently used data
28. In AI, what does NLP stand for?
A) Neural Language Processing
B) Natural Language Processing
C) Networked Language Programming
D) Node Language Processing
Answer: B) Natural Language Processing
29. Which cloud model is a combination of public and private clouds?
A) Hybrid Cloud
B) Community Cloud
C) Private Cloud
D) Multi-Cloud
Answer: A) Hybrid Cloud
30. Which term describes the action of training a machine learning model with a dataset?
A) Testing
B) Inference
C) Labeling
D) Training
Answer: D) Training
(Operating Systems, Cryptography, Networks, and Data Management)
31. In UNIX, which command is used to list files in a directory?
A) dir
B) list
C) ls
D) cd
Answer: C) ls
32. AES and RSA are algorithms used in:
A) Compression
B) Cryptography
C) Data Mining
D) Graphics
Answer: B) Cryptography
33. The HTTP protocol typically uses which port?
A) 20
B) 25
C) 80
D) 443
Answer: C) 80
34. What is the main function of RAID in storage?
A) Encrypt data
B) Increase storage size
C) Improve data reliability and redundancy
D) Backup data
Answer: C) Improve data reliability and redundancy
35. Which SQL command is used to delete a table’s data without removing the table itself?
A) DROP
B) DELETE
C) REMOVE
D) TRUNCATE
Answer: D) TRUNCATE
36. In Python, the symbol for a comment is:
A) //
B) /* */
C) #
D) <!– –>
Answer: C) #
37. In Java, which keyword is used to inherit a class?
A) this
B) new
C) extends
D) implements
Answer: C) extends
38. What does “IP” stand for in IP address?
A) Internet Protocol
B) Internal Protocol
C) Intranet Protocol
D) Internet Process
Answer: A) Internet Protocol
39. Which data structure is often used for Breadth-First Search?
A) Stack
B) Queue
C) Linked List
D) Hash Table
Answer: B) Queue
40. An intrusion detection system (IDS) is primarily used for:
A) Data storage
B) Virus removal
C) Detecting security breaches
D) Enhancing system performance
Answer: C) Detecting security breaches
41. Which data structure is optimal for implementing a priority queue?
A) Array
B) Stack
C) Linked List
D) Heap
Answer: D) Heap
42. In C programming, which keyword is used to declare a constant?
A) static
B) constant
C) define
D) const
Answer: D) const
43. Which type of database model organizes data in a tree-like structure?
A) Relational
B) Hierarchical
C) Network
D) Object-Oriented
Answer: B) Hierarchical
44. In networking, a subnet mask of 255.255.255.0 indicates which class of IP address?
A) Class A
B) Class B
C) Class C
D) Class D
Answer: C) Class C
45. The term “polymorphism” in object-oriented programming refers to:
A) Code reusability
B) Code readability
C) Using a single interface to represent different data types
D) Data hiding
Answer: C) Using a single interface to represent different data types
46. Which type of machine learning algorithm is used for classification tasks?
A) K-Means Clustering
B) Linear Regression
C) Decision Tree
D) Random Walk
Answer: C) Decision Tree
47. In Python, what function is used to read input from the user?
A) input()
B) read()
C) get()
D) scan()
Answer: A) input()
48. Which SQL statement is used to retrieve unique records from a database table?
A) SELECT DISTINCT
B) SELECT UNIQUE
C) SELECT FILTER
D) SELECT EXCLUSIVE
Answer: A) SELECT DISTINCT
49. The Big-O notation of Merge Sort in the average case is:
A) O(n^2)
B) O(n log n)
C) O(n)
D) O(log n)
Answer: B) O(n log n)
50. Which type of loop guarantees at least one iteration?
A) for loop
B) while loop
C) do-while loop
D) switch loop
Answer: C) do-while loop
51. What does the acronym “ROM” stand for in computing?
A) Read-Only Memory
B) Random Operating Memory
C) Run-On Memory
D) Real Only Memory
Answer: A) Read-Only Memory
52. In software testing, a “black box” test involves:
A) Testing internal code
B) Testing interfaces without knowing internal code
C) Unit testing only
D) Database testing
Answer: B) Testing interfaces without knowing internal code
53. Which protocol is used to send emails?
A) FTP
B) HTTP
C) SMTP
D) SNMP
Answer: C) SMTP
54. What does “IPSec” stand for in network security?
A) Internet Protocol Security
B) Inter Process Security
C) International Protocol Security
D) Internet Proxy Security
Answer: A) Internet Protocol Security
55. In SQL, which keyword is used to combine rows from two or more tables based on a related column?
A) UNION
B) JOIN
C) MERGE
D) LINK
Answer: B) JOIN
56. In HTML, which tag is used to create a hyperlink?
A)
<link>
B)
<href>
C)
<a>
D)
<url>
Answer: C)
<a>
57. Which one of these is an example of an interpreted language?
A) C
B) C++
C) Python
D) Java
Answer: C) Python
58. Which device operates at the OSI model’s Data Link layer?
A) Router
B) Switch
C) Hub
D) Gateway
Answer: B) Switch
59. The primary role of an intrusion prevention system (IPS) is to:
A) Monitor network traffic
B) Prevent unauthorized access
C) Encrypt data
D) Compress data
Answer: B) Prevent unauthorized access
60. In which type of machine learning is the model trained without any labeled data?
A) Supervised learning
B) Semi-supervised learning
C) Unsupervised learning
D) Reinforcement learning
Answer: C) Unsupervised learning
61. In relational databases, the term “normalization” refers to:
A) Optimizing query speed
B) Eliminating redundancy in data
C) Adding constraints
D) Ensuring network connectivity
Answer: B) Eliminating redundancy in data
62. Which of the following is an AI language developed by IBM for machine learning and data science?
A) R
B) Python
C) SAS
D) Watson Studio
Answer: D) Watson Studio
63. Which of these is considered an unsupervised learning technique?
A) Regression
B) Classification
C) Clustering
D) Decision Tree
Answer: C) Clustering
64. In Linux, which command is used to view all active processes?
A) list
B) proc
C) ps
D) show
Answer: C) ps
65. What does GUI stand for in user interface design?
A) General User Interface
B) Graphical User Interface
C) Guided User Interface
D) Generic User Interface
Answer: B) Graphical User Interface
66. Which type of encryption uses the same key for both encryption and decryption?
A) Asymmetric encryption
B) Symmetric encryption
C) Public-key encryption
D) Open encryption
Answer: B) Symmetric encryption
67. In networking, what does the abbreviation “LAN” represent?
A) Large Area Network
B) Local Area Network
C) Long Access Network
D) Linked Area Network
Answer: B) Local Area Network
68. Which command is used in Linux to delete a directory?
A) rm
B) del
C) erase
D) rmdir
Answer: D) rmdir
69. The process of converting high-level language code to machine code is known as:
A) Interpretation
B) Compilation
C) Assembling
D) Linking
Answer: B) Compilation
70. Which database model uses documents as its primary data structure?
A) Relational
B) Hierarchical
C) Document-oriented
D) Network
Answer: C) Document-oriented
(Systems, Cybersecurity, Machine Learning, Web Development, and Data Management)
71. In a neural network, a “hidden layer” refers to:
A) The input layer
B) The output layer
C) Any intermediate layers
D) The training layer
Answer: C) Any intermediate layers
72. The principle of modularity in programming means:
A) Testing in small parts
B) Breaking down code into reusable functions
C) Optimizing memory usage
D) Structuring code into multiple classes
Answer: B) Breaking down code into reusable functions
73. What does REST stand for in web services?
A) Representational State Transfer
B) Real-time Secure Transfer
C) Random Secure Transmission
D) Remote Server Transmission
Answer: A) Representational State Transfer
74. Which type of virus infects both executable files and the boot sector?
A) Multipartite virus
B) Polymorphic virus
C) Macro virus
D) File infector virus
Answer: A) Multipartite virus
75. A “404” error in HTTP means:
A) Page found but with errors
B) Page not found
C) Server busy
D) Unauthorized access
Answer: B) Page not found
76. Which is the command to display the current working directory in Linux?
A) pwd
B) cd
C) dir
D) ls
Answer: A) pwd
77. A type of malware designed to demand payment in exchange for data decryption is called:
A) Trojan
B) Ransomware
C) Spyware
D) Worm
Answer: B) Ransomware
78. In databases, the ACID properties ensure:
A) Security and compliance
B) Atomicity, Consistency, Isolation, and Durability
C) Automatic backup
D) Data recovery
Answer: B) Atomicity, Consistency, Isolation, and Durability
79. Which technology is associated with the term “blockchain”?
A) Internet of Things
B) Cryptocurrency
C) Augmented Reality
D) Artificial Intelligence
Answer: B) Cryptocurrency
80. Which device translates high-level language into machine language?
A) Compiler
B) Processor
C) Server
D) Compiler and Processor both
Answer: A) Compiler
1. What is the capital city of Pakistan?
A) Lahore
B) Islamabad
C) Karachi
D) Peshawar
Answer: B) Islamabad
2. Which of the following rivers is known as the lifeline of Pakistan?
A) Ravi
B) Indus
C) Chenab
D) Jhelum
Answer: B) Indus
3. In which year did Pakistan become a republic?
A) 1947
B) 1956
C) 1973
D) 1962
Answer: B) 1956
4. What is the largest province of Pakistan by area?
A) Punjab
B) Sindh
C) Balochistan
D) Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
Answer: C) Balochistan
5. Which international organization did Pakistan join in 1950?
A) United Nations
B) NATO
C) SAARC
D) ASEAN
Answer: A) United Nations
6. Who was the first woman Prime Minister of Pakistan?
A) Benazir Bhutto
B) Fatima Jinnah
C) Hina Rabbani Khar
D) Asma Jahangir
Answer: A) Benazir Bhutto
7. Which country shares the longest border with Pakistan?
A) India
B) Afghanistan
C) Iran
D) China
Answer: A) India
8. What is the currency of Pakistan?
A) Dollar
B) Rupee
C) Pound
D) Taka
Answer: B) Rupee
9. Which of the following is a computer network protocol for transferring files?
A) HTTP
B) FTP
C) SMTP
D) IMAP
Answer: B) FTP
10. What is the term for a device that connects multiple computers to form a local area network?
A) Router
B) Hub
C) Switch
D) Modem
Answer: C) Switch
11. What is the value of π (pi) approximately?
A) 2.14
B) 3.14
C) 4.14
D) 5.14
Answer: B) 3.14
12. Which gas do plants primarily absorb during photosynthesis?
A) Oxygen
B) Nitrogen
C) Carbon Dioxide
D) Hydrogen
Answer: C) Carbon Dioxide
13. In which language is the term “سکول” used to refer to a school?
A) English
B) Urdu
C) Arabic
D) Persian
Answer: B) Urdu
14. Which continent is known as the “Dark Continent”?
A) Asia
B) Africa
C) Europe
D) South America
Answer: B) Africa
15. What is the boiling point of water in degrees Celsius?
A) 50°C
B) 75°C
C) 100°C
D) 125°C
Answer: C) 100°C
16. Which element is represented by the symbol “O” in the periodic table?
A) Gold
B) Oxygen
C) Osmium
D) Oganesson
Answer: B) Oxygen
17. What is the official language of Pakistan?
A) English
B) Urdu
C) Punjabi
D) Sindhi
Answer: B) Urdu
18. Which current affair event involved the historic meeting between the leaders of North and South Korea in 2018?
A) Korean War
B) Korean Reunification Summit
C) Panmunjom Declaration
D) G20 Summit
Answer: C) Panmunjom Declaration
19. What is the capital of the province of Sindh?
A) Karachi
B) Hyderabad
C) Sukkur
D) Larkana
Answer: A) Karachi
20. Which programming language is widely used for web development and known for its versatility?
A) Python
B) Java
C) JavaScript
D) C++
Answer: C) JavaScript
