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Nephrology MCQs
- Which of the following is the most common cause of acute kidney injury (AKI)?
- A) Prerenal azotemia
- B) Postrenal obstruction
- C) Intrinsic renal disease
- D) Chronic kidney disease
Answer: A) Prerenal azotemia
- What is the primary treatment goal in managing chronic kidney disease (CKD)?
- A) To cure the underlying disease
- B) To slow the progression of kidney damage
- C) To prevent urinary tract infections
- D) To increase urine output
Answer: B) To slow the progression of kidney damage
- Which laboratory finding is most indicative of diabetic nephropathy?
- A) Hyperuricemia
- B) Elevated blood urea nitrogen (BUN)
- C) Proteinuria
- D) Hypokalemia
Answer: C) Proteinuria
- What is the primary treatment for managing hyperphosphatemia in chronic kidney disease?
- A) Calcium supplements
- B) Phosphate binders
- C) Diuretics
- D) Sodium bicarbonate
Answer: B) Phosphate binders
- In which stage of chronic kidney disease (CKD) is dialysis typically indicated?
- A) Stage 1
- B) Stage 2
- C) Stage 3
- D) Stage 5
Answer: D) Stage 5
- Which of the following is a common cause of nephrotic syndrome in adults?
- A) Minimal change disease
- B) Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis
- C) IgA nephropathy
- D) Poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis
Answer: B) Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis
- Which imaging study is most commonly used to evaluate renal stones?
- A) MRI of the kidneys
- B) Ultrasound of the kidneys
- C) X-ray of the abdomen
- D) CT scan of the abdomen and pelvis
Answer: D) CT scan of the abdomen and pelvis
- What is the primary pharmacologic treatment for hypertension in a patient with chronic kidney disease?
- A) Beta-blockers
- B) Calcium channel blockers
- C) Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors
- D) Thiazide diuretics
Answer: C) Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors
- Which condition is characterized by the presence of red blood cell casts in the urine?
- A) Nephrotic syndrome
- B) Acute glomerulonephritis
- C) Urinary tract infection
- D) Chronic kidney disease
Answer: B) Acute glomerulonephritis
- What is the most common form of dialysis used for patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD)?
- A) Peritoneal dialysis
- B) Hemodialysis
- C) Continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT)
- D) Renal transplant
Answer: B) Hemodialysis
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