Microcontrollers & Embedded Systems – MCQs

1. : Which of the following is a key feature of a microcontroller?
(A) High clock speed
(B) External memory only
(C) Integrated peripherals
(D) No I/O ports

2. : What does an embedded system typically consist of?
(A) Only hardware
(B) Only software
(C) Hardware and software
(D) Web server

3. : Which of the following is NOT an application of embedded systems?
(A) Washing machines
(B) Digital cameras
(C) Supercomputers
(D) ATMs

4. : What does EEPROM stand for?
(A) Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory
(B) Electronically Enabled Programming Read-Only Memory
(C) Electrical Erasure Programmed Read Memory
(D) Electronic External Program Memory

5. : Which of the following is used to permanently store instructions in a microcontroller?
(A) RAM
(B) EEPROM
(C) ROM
(D) Flash

6. : What is the function of a watchdog timer in a microcontroller?
(A) Increase speed
(B) Protect against memory overflow
(C) Reset system on malfunction
(D) Schedule I/O operations

7. : Which architecture is used in most microcontrollers?
(A) Von Neumann
(B) Harvard
(C) CISC
(D) RISC

8. : What is the main purpose of timers in microcontrollers?
(A) To store data
(B) To count or measure time intervals
(C) To control memory
(D) To display data

9. : Which bus connects the CPU to memory in a microcontroller?
(A) Address bus
(B) Data bus
(C) Control bus
(D) All of the above

10. : Which microcontroller family is used in Arduino Uno?
(A) 8051
(B) PIC
(C) AVR
(D) ARM

11. : The main function of an ADC in microcontrollers is to:
(A) Convert digital signals to analog
(B) Store analog signals
(C) Convert analog signals to digital
(D) Amplify analog signals

12. : Which register is used to enable/disable interrupts in 8051?
(A) IE
(B) IP
(C) TCON
(D) SCON

13. : What is the size of RAM in 8051 microcontroller?
(A) 64 bytes
(B) 128 bytes
(C) 256 bytes
(D) 512 bytes

14. : What is the clock frequency of standard 8051 microcontroller?
(A) 1 MHz
(B) 11.0592 MHz
(C) 20 MHz
(D) 100 MHz

15. : The instruction set of 8051 is:
(A) RISC
(B) CISC
(C) MISC
(D) Complex

16. : What is an interrupt in a microcontroller?
(A) A subroutine
(B) An error
(C) A signal to break current execution
(D) A timer

17. : Which memory is volatile in nature?
(A) ROM
(B) EEPROM
(C) Flash
(D) RAM

18. : UART is used for:
(A) Data storage
(B) Interrupt handling
(C) Serial communication
(D) I/O port expansion

19. : Which of the following is a high-level language commonly used in embedded systems?
(A) Python
(B) Java
(C) C
(D) Assembly

20. : Which bit is used to start the transmission in serial communication?
(A) Stop bit
(B) Start bit
(C) Data bit
(D) Parity bit

21. : The role of a compiler in embedded system development is to:
(A) Write code
(B) Convert machine code to high-level
(C) Convert high-level code to machine code
(D) Debug hardware

22. : GPIO stands for:
(A) General Purpose Input Output
(B) General Programmed Input Output
(C) Great Purpose I/O
(D) General Process Integrated Output

23. : Which protocol is used for short-range wireless communication in embedded systems?
(A) UART
(B) SPI
(C) Bluetooth
(D) I2C

24. : In embedded systems, real-time operating systems (RTOS) are used for:
(A) Graphics rendering
(B) Real-time task scheduling
(C) File storage
(D) Audio processing

25. : Which of the following is NOT a type of embedded system?
(A) Stand-alone
(B) Real-time
(C) Networked
(D) Desktop computer