Microbiology MCQs for nursing

1.Which of the following is the most common causative agent of urinary tract infections (UTIs)? A) Staphylococcus aureus B) Escherichia coli C) Streptococcus pyogenes D) Pseudomonas aeruginosa Answer: B) Escherichia coli 2.What is the primary method of transmission for the influenza virus? A) Direct contact with contaminated surfaces B) Airborne droplets C) Blood transfusions D) Vector-borne transmission Answer: B) Airborne droplets 3.Which bacterium is known for causing peptic ulcers? A) Escherichia coli B) Helicobacter pylori C) Bacillus cereus D) Clostridium difficile Answer: B) Helicobacter pylori 4.Which of the following is a characteristic of Gram-positive bacteria? A) Thin peptidoglycan layer B) Presence of an outer membrane C) Thick peptidoglycan layer D) Staining pink with Gram stain Answer: C) Thick peptidoglycan layer 5.What is the causative agent of tuberculosis? A) Mycobacterium leprae B) Mycobacterium tuberculosis C) Mycobacterium bovis D) Mycobacterium avium Answer: B) Mycobacterium tuberculosis 6.Which type of microorganism is responsible for athlete’s foot? A) Bacteria B) Virus C) Fungus D) Protozoa Answer: C) Fungus 7.Which of the following is not a mechanism of action for antibiotics? A) Inhibition of cell wall synthesis B) Inhibition of protein synthesis C) Disruption of cell membrane integrity D) Inhibition of RNA synthesis Answer: D) Inhibition of RNA synthesis 8.Which of the following diseases is caused by a prion? A) Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease B) Ebola C) Malaria D) Influenza Answer: A) Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease 9.Which of the following statements about viruses is true? A) They can reproduce independently outside a host cell. B) They are considered living organisms. C) They contain both DNA and RNA simultaneously. D) They require a host cell to replicate. Answer: D) They require a host cell to replicate. 10.Which of the following is used to sterilize surgical instruments? A) Boiling water B) Autoclaving C) Alcohol wipes D) UV radiation Answer: B) Autoclaving 11.What is the main component of the bacterial cell wall in Gram-positive bacteria? A) Lipopolysaccharide B) Peptidoglycan C) Teichoic acid D) Mycolic acid Answer: B) Peptidoglycan 12.Which of the following best describes the term “nosocomial infection”? A) Infection acquired from animals B) Infection acquired during a hospital stay C) Infection transmitted through insect bites D) Infection present at birth Answer: B) Infection acquired during a hospital stay 13.Which of the following bacteria is most commonly associated with hospital-acquired pneumonia? A) Streptococcus pneumoniae B) Klebsiella pneumoniae C) Mycoplasma pneumoniae D) Pseudomonas aeruginosa Answer: D) Pseudomonas aeruginosa 14.What is the primary mode of transmission for hepatitis B? A) Contaminated water B) Airborne droplets C) Blood and body fluids D) Vector-borne transmission Answer: C) Blood and body fluids 15.Which of the following is a zoonotic disease? A) Tetanus B) Rabies C) Tuberculosis D) Chickenpox Answer: B) Rabies 16.Which microorganism is known for causing toxic shock syndrome? A) Escherichia coli B) Staphylococcus aureus C) Streptococcus pneumoniae D) Neisseria meningitidis Answer: B) Staphylococcus aureus 17.Which test is used to detect tuberculosis infection? A) ELISA B) PCR C) Mantoux test D) Western blot Answer: C) Mantoux test 18.Which of the following is a common cause of food poisoning? A) Staphylococcus aureus B) Streptococcus pyogenes C) Neisseria gonorrhoeae D) Helicobacter pylori Answer: A) Staphylococcus aureus 19.Which virus is responsible for causing chickenpox? A) Varicella-zoster virus B) Human papillomavirus C) Epstein-Barr virus D) Cytomegalovirus Answer: A) Varicella-zoster virus 20.Which staining technique is used to identify Mycobacterium tuberculosis? A) Gram staining B) Acid-fast staining C) Capsule staining D) Endospore staining Answer: B) Acid-fast staining