1.Which of the following is the most common causative agent of urinary tract infections (UTIs)?
A) Staphylococcus aureus
B) Escherichia coli
C) Streptococcus pyogenes
D) Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Answer: B) Escherichia coli
2.What is the primary method of transmission for the influenza virus?
A) Direct contact with contaminated surfaces
B) Airborne droplets
C) Blood transfusions
D) Vector-borne transmission
Answer: B) Airborne droplets
3.Which bacterium is known for causing peptic ulcers?
A) Escherichia coli
B) Helicobacter pylori
C) Bacillus cereus
D) Clostridium difficile
Answer: B) Helicobacter pylori
4.Which of the following is a characteristic of Gram-positive bacteria?
A) Thin peptidoglycan layer
B) Presence of an outer membrane
C) Thick peptidoglycan layer
D) Staining pink with Gram stain
Answer: C) Thick peptidoglycan layer
5.What is the causative agent of tuberculosis?
A) Mycobacterium leprae
B) Mycobacterium tuberculosis
C) Mycobacterium bovis
D) Mycobacterium avium
Answer: B) Mycobacterium tuberculosis
6.Which type of microorganism is responsible for athlete’s foot?
A) Bacteria
B) Virus
C) Fungus
D) Protozoa
Answer: C) Fungus
7.Which of the following is not a mechanism of action for antibiotics?
A) Inhibition of cell wall synthesis
B) Inhibition of protein synthesis
C) Disruption of cell membrane integrity
D) Inhibition of RNA synthesis
Answer: D) Inhibition of RNA synthesis
8.Which of the following diseases is caused by a prion?
A) Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease
B) Ebola
C) Malaria
D) Influenza
Answer: A) Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease
9.Which of the following statements about viruses is true?
A) They can reproduce independently outside a host cell.
B) They are considered living organisms.
C) They contain both DNA and RNA simultaneously.
D) They require a host cell to replicate.
Answer: D) They require a host cell to replicate.
10.Which of the following is used to sterilize surgical instruments?
A) Boiling water
B) Autoclaving
C) Alcohol wipes
D) UV radiation
Answer: B) Autoclaving
11.What is the main component of the bacterial cell wall in Gram-positive bacteria?
A) Lipopolysaccharide
B) Peptidoglycan
C) Teichoic acid
D) Mycolic acid
Answer: B) Peptidoglycan
12.Which of the following best describes the term “nosocomial infection”?
A) Infection acquired from animals
B) Infection acquired during a hospital stay
C) Infection transmitted through insect bites
D) Infection present at birth
Answer: B) Infection acquired during a hospital stay
13.Which of the following bacteria is most commonly associated with hospital-acquired pneumonia?
A) Streptococcus pneumoniae
B) Klebsiella pneumoniae
C) Mycoplasma pneumoniae
D) Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Answer: D) Pseudomonas aeruginosa
14.What is the primary mode of transmission for hepatitis B?
A) Contaminated water
B) Airborne droplets
C) Blood and body fluids
D) Vector-borne transmission
Answer: C) Blood and body fluids
15.Which of the following is a zoonotic disease?
A) Tetanus
B) Rabies
C) Tuberculosis
D) Chickenpox
Answer: B) Rabies
16.Which microorganism is known for causing toxic shock syndrome?
A) Escherichia coli
B) Staphylococcus aureus
C) Streptococcus pneumoniae
D) Neisseria meningitidis
Answer: B) Staphylococcus aureus
17.Which test is used to detect tuberculosis infection?
A) ELISA
B) PCR
C) Mantoux test
D) Western blot
Answer: C) Mantoux test
18.Which of the following is a common cause of food poisoning?
A) Staphylococcus aureus
B) Streptococcus pyogenes
C) Neisseria gonorrhoeae
D) Helicobacter pylori
Answer: A) Staphylococcus aureus
19.Which virus is responsible for causing chickenpox?
A) Varicella-zoster virus
B) Human papillomavirus
C) Epstein-Barr virus
D) Cytomegalovirus
Answer: A) Varicella-zoster virus
20.Which staining technique is used to identify Mycobacterium tuberculosis?
A) Gram staining
B) Acid-fast staining
C) Capsule staining
D) Endospore staining
Answer: B) Acid-fast staining