Which process involves the growth and development of plants in nutrient solutions without soil?
a) Hydrology
b) Hydroponics
c) Phytoremediation
d) Xeriscaping
Answer: b) Hydroponics
Which element is essential for photosynthesis in plants?
a) Nitrogen
b) Phosphorus
c) Potassium
d) Magnesium
Answer: d) Magnesium
What is the primary purpose of grafting in horticulture?
a) Increase yield
b) Enhance flower color
c) Combine favorable traits from two plants
d) Reduce plant height
Answer: c) Combine favorable traits from two plants
Which type of plant tissue is responsible for transporting water and nutrients from the roots to the rest of the plant?
a) Phloem
b) Xylem
c) Cortex
d) Pith
Answer: b) Xylem
Which horticultural practice involves the removal of certain parts of a plant to improve its structure and increase its productivity?
a) Fertilizing
b) Pruning
c) Grafting
d) Mulching
Answer: b) Pruning
Which plant hormone is primarily responsible for cell elongation and growth?
a) Ethylene
b) Gibberellin
c) Auxin
d) Cytokinin
Answer: c) Auxin
What is the process of growing plants from seeds called?
a) Vegetative propagation
b) Sexual propagation
c) Tissue culture
d) Micropropagation
Answer: b) Sexual propagation
Which type of soil is best suited for most horticultural crops?
a) Sandy soil
b) Clay soil
c) Loamy soil
d) Peaty soil
Answer: c) Loamy soil
Which nutrient is essential for the formation of chlorophyll in plants?
a) Calcium
b) Magnesium
c) Sulfur
d) Iron
Answer: b) Magnesium
What is the main purpose of mulching in horticulture?
a) To increase plant height
b) To retain soil moisture and reduce weeds
c) To enhance flower color
d) To attract pollinators
Answer: b) To retain soil moisture and reduce weeds
Which horticultural technique involves the use of controlled environment agriculture (CEA) for plant production?
a) Field farming
b) Greenhouse cultivation
c) Dry farming
d) Permaculture
Answer: b) Greenhouse cultivation
Which plant nutrient is primarily responsible for root development and flowering?
a) Nitrogen
b) Phosphorus
c) Potassium
d) Calcium
Answer: b) Phosphorus
What is the primary benefit of crop rotation in horticulture?
a) Increases yield
b) Reduces soil erosion
c) Controls pests and diseases
d) Enhances plant height
Answer: c) Controls pests and diseases
Which type of propagation involves using a part of a plant (such as a leaf or stem) to grow a new plant?
a) Sexual propagation
b) Vegetative propagation
c) Tissue culture
d) Seed germination
Answer: b) Vegetative propagation
Which plant hormone is involved in fruit ripening and leaf abscission?
a) Auxin
b) Gibberellin
c) Ethylene
d) Cytokinin
Answer: c) Ethylene
What is the main function of the root system in plants?
a) Photosynthesis
b) Reproduction
c) Absorption of water and nutrients
d) Pollination
Answer: c) Absorption of water and nutrients
Which soil pH is considered optimal for most horticultural crops?
a) 4.0 – 5.0
b) 5.5 – 6.5
c) 7.0 – 8.0
d) 8.5 – 9.5
Answer: b) 5.5 – 6.5
Which process involves the use of beneficial insects to control pest populations in horticulture?
a) Chemical control
b) Biological control
c) Cultural control
d) Mechanical control
Answer: b) Biological control
Which macronutrient is commonly associated with the promotion of vegetative growth in plants?
a) Phosphorus
b) Potassium
c) Nitrogen
d) Calcium
Answer: c) Nitrogen
What is the primary function of chlorophyll in plants?
a) Nutrient absorption
b) Photosynthesis
c) Water transport
d) Reproduction
Answer: b) Photosynthesis
Which type of grafting involves joining a scion to the rootstock of another plant?
a) Budding
b) Layering
c) T-budding
d) Whip grafting
Answer: d) Whip grafting
Which part of the plant is primarily responsible for reproduction?
a) Leaf
b) Stem
c) Flower
d) Root
Answer: c) Flower
What is the primary purpose of using fertilizers in horticulture?
a) To increase soil temperature
b) To provide essential nutrients to plants
c) To attract pollinators
d) To reduce plant height
Answer: b) To provide essential nutrients to plants
Which type of pest control involves the use of naturally occurring chemicals derived from plants?
a) Synthetic pesticides
b) Biological control
c) Botanical pesticides
d) Cultural control
Answer: c) Botanical pesticides
Which horticultural practice involves growing plants in containers rather than in the ground?
a) Hydroponics
b) Aeroponics
c) Container gardening
d) Aquaponics
Answer: c) Container gardening
Which soil amendment is commonly used to improve soil structure and increase water retention?
a) Sand
b) Peat moss
c) Gravel
d) Perlite
Answer: b) Peat moss
What is the main purpose of using cover crops in horticulture?
a) Increase yield
b) Enhance flower color
c) Improve soil health and reduce erosion
d) Attract pollinators
Answer: c) Improve soil health and reduce erosion
Which plant family does the tomato belong to?
a) Solanaceae
b) Cucurbitaceae
c) Fabaceae
d) Rosaceae
Answer: a) Solanaceae
Which irrigation method involves the application of water directly to the root zone of plants?
a) Sprinkler irrigation
b) Drip irrigation
c) Flood irrigation
d) Furrow irrigation
Answer: b) Drip irrigation
What is the primary function of stomata in plant leaves?
a) Photosynthesis
b) Nutrient absorption
c) Gas exchange
d) Reproduction
Answer: c) Gas exchange
Which plant propagation method involves using a section of stem to grow a new plant?
a) Seed germination
b) Cutting
c) Layering
d) Grafting
Answer: b) Cutting
Which plant hormone is known for its role in promoting seed germination and breaking dormancy?
a) Auxin
b) Gibberellin
c) Ethylene
d) Cytokinin
Answer: b) Gibberellin
Which type of fertilizer is derived from plant and animal matter?
a) Inorganic fertilizer
b) Synthetic fertilizer
c) Organic fertilizer
d) Mineral fertilizer
Answer: c) Organic fertilizer