1. Which of the following nutrients is essential for photosynthesis in plants?
A) Calcium
B) Phosphorus
C) Nitrogen
D) Magnesium
Answer: D) Magnesium
2. What is the primary purpose of crop rotation?
A) Increase crop yield
B) Reduce pest and disease problems
C) Increase water usage
D) Decrease soil pH
Answer: B) Reduce pest and disease problems
3. Horticulture is mainly concerned with the cultivation of:
A) Staple grains
B) Fruits, vegetables, and ornamental plants
C) Livestock
D) Aquatic plants
Answer: B) Fruits, vegetables, and ornamental plants
4. In water management, which irrigation method is known for water conservation?
A) Flood irrigation
B) Sprinkler irrigation
C) Furrow irrigation
D) Drip irrigation
Answer: D) Drip irrigation
5. Which macronutrient is most often responsible for leaf growth in plants?
A) Phosphorus
B) Potassium
C) Nitrogen
D) Calcium
Answer: C) Nitrogen
6. What is the pH range most suitable for crop production?
A) 3.0-4.0
B) 5.5-7.0
C) 8.5-9.0
D) 9.5-10.0
Answer: B) 5.5-7.0
7. Which part of the plant is mainly responsible for water absorption?
A) Leaves
B) Stem
C) Flowers
D) Roots
Answer: D) Roots
8. A high yield variety of wheat developed in Pakistan is known as:
A) IR-8
B) Mexi-Pak
C) Punjab-16
D) Red-Rustic
Answer: B) Mexi-Pak
9. Which of the following methods is commonly used for seedless fruit production?
A) Grafting
B) Pollination
C) Cross-breeding
D) Parthenocarpy
Answer: D) Parthenocarpy
10. The most commonly used organic fertilizer in agriculture is:
A) Urea
B) Ammonium nitrate
C) Cow manure
D) Potash
Answer: C) Cow manure
11. Soil structure is primarily improved by the addition of:
A) Sand
B) Chemical fertilizers
C) Organic matter
D) Pesticides
Answer: C) Organic matter
12. Which element is vital for chlorophyll production in plants?
A) Iron
B) Copper
C) Zinc
D) Magnesium
Answer: D) Magnesium
13. In which type of soil does water drain the quickest?
A) Sandy soil
B) Loamy soil
C) Clay soil
D) Peaty soil
Answer: A) Sandy soil
14. “Layering” is a propagation method used mainly for:
A) Grains
B) Vines and shrubs
C) Root crops
D) Annual flowers
Answer: B) Vines and shrubs
15. Which process converts atmospheric nitrogen into a form usable by plants?
A) Nitrogen fixation
B) Photosynthesis
C) Transpiration
D) Respiration
Answer: A) Nitrogen fixation
16. A plant disease caused by fungi is:
A) Blight
B) Mosaic
C) Curl
D) Rust
Answer: D) Rust
17. In water management, “rainwater harvesting” is used for:
A) Increasing soil erosion
B) Preventing soil fertility
C) Collecting and storing rainwater
D) Fertilizing soil
Answer: C) Collecting and storing rainwater
18. The term “transpiration” refers to:
A) Water loss through leaves
B) Nutrient absorption through roots
C) Gas exchange in stems
D) Seed germination process
Answer: A) Water loss through leaves
19. Which macronutrient is essential for root development?
A) Nitrogen
B) Potassium
C) Calcium
D) Phosphorus
Answer: D) Phosphorus
20. Organic farming avoids the use of:
A) Compost
B) Synthetic pesticides
C) Mulching
D) Green manure
Answer: B) Synthetic pesticides
21. “Photosynthesis” takes place primarily in which part of the plant?
A) Stems
B) Roots
C) Leaves
D) Flowers
Answer: C) Leaves
22. Which method is widely used for controlling soil erosion?
A) Monoculture
B) Terrace farming
C) Slash-and-burn
D) Crop removal
Answer: B) Terrace farming
23. “Hydroponics” is a method of growing plants without:
A) Soil
B) Water
C) Sunlight
D) Nutrients
Answer: A) Soil
24. Plants that require less water are classified as:
A) Hydrophytes
B) Xerophytes
C) Mesophytes
D) Halophytes
Answer: B) Xerophytes
25. Which of the following is considered a micronutrient for plants?
A) Nitrogen
B) Potassium
C) Magnesium
D) Zinc
Answer: D) Zinc
26. What is the main purpose of mulching in agriculture?
A) To increase pest activity
B) To retain soil moisture
C) To enhance root growth
D) To reduce soil fertility
Answer: B) To retain soil moisture
27. “Pollination” in plants is primarily required for:
A) Leaf formation
B) Seed and fruit production
C) Root development
D) Stem elongation
Answer: B) Seed and fruit production
28. Which irrigation method is most suitable for rice cultivation?
A) Drip irrigation
B) Sprinkler irrigation
C) Flood irrigation
D) Furrow irrigation
Answer: C) Flood irrigation
29. “Germination” refers to the:
A) Growth of the plant’s root system
B) Process of seed development into a plant
C) Nutrient absorption from soil
D) Formation of chlorophyll
Answer: B) Process of seed development into a plant
30. Which crop is most sensitive to water stress?
A) Wheat
B) Rice
C) Barley
D) Cotton
Answer: B) Rice
31. “Grafting” is commonly used in which type of plant cultivation?
A) Cereal crops
B) Vegetable crops
C) Fruit trees
D) Root crops
Answer: C) Fruit trees
32. What is the primary use of pesticides in agriculture?
A) Enhance soil fertility
B) Control pests and diseases
C) Increase soil moisture
D) Prevent weed growth
Answer: B) Control pests and diseases
33. Which element is essential for protein synthesis in plants?
A) Sulfur
B) Phosphorus
C) Potassium
D) Nitrogen
Answer: D) Nitrogen
34. In horticulture, what does the term “perennial” mean?
A) Plants that complete their life cycle in one year
B) Plants that complete their life cycle in two years
C) Plants that grow and bloom for several seasons
D) Plants that do not flower
Answer: C) Plants that grow and bloom for several seasons
35. Which crop is known as the “King of Cereals”?
A) Wheat
B) Rice
C) Maize
D) Barley
Answer: A) Wheat
36. In water engineering, “aquifer” refers to:
A) A source of surface water
B) A layer of rock that holds water underground
C) The topsoil in a field
D) A method of water irrigation
Answer: B) A layer of rock that holds water underground
37. Which process is primarily responsible for the uptake of water in plants?
A) Photosynthesis
B) Osmosis
C) Transpiration
D) Respiration
Answer: B) Osmosis
38. Which gas is released during photosynthesis?
A) Carbon dioxide
B) Nitrogen
C) Oxygen
D) Methane
Answer: C) Oxygen
39. Which type of soil is best suited for horticultural plants?
A) Clay soil
B) Sandy soil
C) Loamy soil
D) Silt soil
Answer: C) Loamy soil
40. The process by which nitrogen is returned to the soil by bacteria is called:
A) Denitrification
B) Nitrification
C) Nitrogen fixation
D) Ammonification
Answer: A) Denitrification
41. Which method of irrigation applies water directly to the base of each plant?
A) Sprinkler irrigation
B) Furrow irrigation
C) Flood irrigation
D) Drip irrigation
Answer: D) Drip irrigation
42. What is the main purpose of pruning in horticulture?
A) Increase root growth
B) Enhance pest resistance
C) Remove dead or diseased branches
D) Improve soil structure
Answer: C) Remove dead or diseased branches
43. Soil pH is important in agriculture because it affects:
A) Water absorption rate
B) Seed size
C) Nutrient availability
D) Plant color
Answer: C) Nutrient availability
44. Which plant family does wheat belong to?
A) Fabaceae
B) Solanaceae
C) Poaceae
D) Asteraceae
Answer: C) Poaceae
45. The primary source of energy for photosynthesis is:
A) Water
B) Sunlight
C) Soil nutrients
D) Oxygen
Answer: B) Sunlight
46. The term “xylem” refers to:
A) The outer bark of a plant
B) Tissue that transports water in plants
C) The reproductive organ in plants
D) A type of root
Answer: B) Tissue that transports water in plants
47. Which of the following is a micronutrient?
A) Potassium
B) Phosphorus
C) Iron
D) Nitrogen
Answer: C) Iron
48. The main aim of organic farming is to:
A) Use synthetic chemicals
B) Maximize crop yield
C) Maintain environmental sustainability
D) Increase water usage
Answer: C) Maintain environmental sustainability
49. Which plant structure helps in the absorption of nutrients?
A) Leaves
B) Stem
C) Root hairs
D) Flowers
Answer: C) Root hairs
50. In agriculture, “tillage” refers to:
A) Planting seeds
B) Irrigating crops
C) Preparing the soil for planting
D) Applying fertilizers
Answer: C) Preparing the soil for planting
51. Which type of plant is best suited for arid climates?
A) Hydrophytes
B) Mesophytes
C) Xerophytes
D) Halophytes
Answer: C) Xerophytes
52. In water management, “drought” refers to:
A) Excessive rainfall
B) Lack of sufficient rainfall over an extended period
C) An increase in groundwater
D) A seasonal river flood
Answer: B) Lack of sufficient rainfall over an extended period
53. The scientific study of soil is known as:
A) Ecology
B) Agronomy
C) Horticulture
D) Pedology
Answer: D) Pedology
54. Which of the following is NOT a method of vegetative propagation?
A) Seed sowing
B) Cutting
C) Grafting
D) Layering
Answer: A) Seed sowing
55. The “Green Revolution” primarily focused on improving:
A) Livestock production
B) Crop yield through technology and genetics
C) Aquaculture
D) Urban farming
Answer: B) Crop yield through technology and genetics
56. Which of the following is a primary macronutrient?
A) Copper
B) Iron
C) Nitrogen
D) Manganese
Answer: C) Nitrogen
57. Crop rotation helps to:
A) Decrease soil fertility
B) Prevent pest and disease buildup
C) Reduce water use
D) Increase crop uniformity
Answer: B) Prevent pest and disease buildup
58. Which of the following is an example of a cover crop?
A) Corn
B) Rye
C) Rice
D) Cotton
Answer: B) Rye
59. An example of a perennial crop is:
A) Wheat
B) Maize
C) Banana
D) Sunflower
Answer: C) Banana
60. What is the process of hardening off plants?
A) Reducing soil pH
B) Preparing plants for outdoor conditions
C) Increasing nutrient levels
D) Exposing plants to extreme sunlight
Answer: B) Preparing plants for outdoor conditions
61. The study of fruits and fruit production is known as:
A) Agronomy
B) Olericulture
C) Pomology
D) Botany
Answer: C) Pomology
62. Which component is essential for water absorption in soil?
A) Sand
B) Clay
C) Organic matter
D) Silt
Answer: C) Organic matter
63. What type of soil holds the most water?
A) Sandy soil
B) Loamy soil
C) Clay soil
D) Silty soil
Answer: C) Clay soil
64. Which of the following pests primarily affects cotton?
A) Stem borer
B) Bollworm
C) Aphids
D) Mealybug
Answer: B) Bollworm
65. In which part of the plant does photosynthesis occur?
A) Stems
B) Roots
C) Leaves
D) Flowers
Answer: C) Leaves
66. Which of the following irrigation techniques is most water-efficient?
A) Flood irrigation
B) Sprinkler irrigation
C) Drip irrigation
D) Furrow irrigation
Answer: C) Drip irrigation
67. An “aquifer” is best described as:
A) A natural lake
B) An underground water reservoir
C) A man-made water source
D) A type of irrigation
Answer: B) An underground water reservoir
68. Which of the following improves soil aeration?
A) Excessive watering
B) Soil compaction
C) Organic matter addition
D) Sand removal
Answer: C) Organic matter addition
69. Nitrogen fixation primarily occurs through:
A) Soil erosion
B) Photosynthesis
C) Certain bacteria in the soil
D) Plant respiration
Answer: C) Certain bacteria in the soil
70. The scientific study of soil is known as:
A) Pedology
B) Agronomy
C) Horticulture
D) Botany
Answer: A) Pedology
71. In which process is chlorophyll essential?
A) Respiration
B) Osmosis
C) Photosynthesis
D) Germination
Answer: C) Photosynthesis
72. Which crop is highly salt-tolerant?
A) Rice
B) Wheat
C) Barley
D) Cotton
Answer: C) Barley
73. The main function of plant roots is:
A) Photosynthesis
B) Reproduction
C) Nutrient and water absorption
D) Seed production
Answer: C) Nutrient and water absorption
74. What is the primary use of nitrogen in plants?
A) Leaf color
B) Flowering
C) Protein and enzyme formation
D) Fruit formation
Answer: C) Protein and enzyme formation
75. Which gas is necessary for photosynthesis?
A) Oxygen
B) Carbon dioxide
C) Nitrogen
D) Methane
Answer: B) Carbon dioxide
76. The term “transpiration” refers to:
A) Absorption of water from roots
B) Evaporation of water from leaves
C) Photosynthesis process
D) Respiration in plants
Answer: B) Evaporation of water from leaves
77. Soil erosion can be reduced by:
A) Clear-cutting vegetation
B) Planting cover crops
C) Excessive irrigation
D) Compacting soil
Answer: B) Planting cover crops
78. Which of the following is a major greenhouse gas emitted from agricultural fields?
A) Carbon dioxide
B) Methane
C) Oxygen
D) Argon
Answer: B) Methane
79. The primary component of organic matter in soil is:
A) Sand
B) Clay
C) Humus
D) Silt
Answer: C) Humus
80. Which of the following is a non-renewable resource in agriculture?
A) Solar energy
B) Wind energy
C) Fertilizer minerals
D) Biomass energy
Answer: C) Fertilizer minerals
81. Who is the current Secretary-General of the United Nations (as of 2024)?
A) Ban Ki-moon
B) Antonio Guterres
C) Kofi Annan
D) Boutros Boutros-Ghali
Answer: B) Antonio Guterres
82. What is the capital of Australia?
A) Sydney
B) Melbourne
C) Perth
D) Canberra
Answer: D) Canberra
83. Pakistan became a nuclear power in which year?
A) 1988
B) 1992
C) 1998
D) 2000
Answer: C) 1998
84. The Great Wall of China was primarily built for what purpose?
A) Trade
B) Defense
C) Tourism
D) Agriculture
Answer: B) Defense
85. Which language is considered Pakistan’s official national language?
A) Punjabi
B) Sindhi
C) English
D) Urdu
Answer: D) Urdu
86. What is the largest planet in our solar system?
A) Earth
B) Saturn
C) Jupiter
D) Mars
Answer: C) Jupiter
87. Who wrote the famous Pakistani national song, “Sohni Dharti”?
A) Faiz Ahmed Faiz
B) Habib Jalib
C) Hafeez Jullundhri
D) Masroor Anwar
Answer: D) Masroor Anwar
88. Which vitamin is known as the “sunshine vitamin”?
A) Vitamin A
B) Vitamin B
C) Vitamin C
D) Vitamin D
Answer: D) Vitamin D
89. What does CPU stand for in computers?
A) Central Processing Unit
B) Computer Personal Unit
C) Central Programming Unit
D) Central Printer Unit
Answer: A) Central Processing Unit
90. In which year did Pakistan become an Islamic Republic?
A) 1947
B) 1956
C) 1962
D) 1973
Answer: B) 1956
91. What is the currency of Japan?
A) Yen
B) Won
C) Dollar
D) Peso
Answer: A) Yen
92. How many bones are in the adult human body?
A) 196
B) 206
C) 216
D) 226
Answer: B) 206
93. Which of the following is a primary color?
A) Green
B) Purple
C) Blue
D) Orange
Answer: C) Blue
94. The study of weather is called:
A) Meteorology
B) Geology
C) Biology
D) Ecology
Answer: A) Meteorology
95. What is the Urdu word for “Water”?
A) دریا
B) پانی
C) سمندر
D) آب
Answer: B) پانی
96. The river Indus originates from which region?
A) Himalayas
B) Hindu Kush
C) Karakoram
D) Western Ghats
Answer: A) Himalayas
97. Who wrote the famous English play “Hamlet”?
A) William Wordsworth
B) John Keats
C) Charles Dickens
D) William Shakespeare
Answer: D) William Shakespeare
98. The numeric value of “fifty-two” is:
A) 50
B) 52
C) 55
D) 60
Answer: B) 52
99. Which of the following is an output device?
A) Keyboard
B) Monitor
C) Mouse
D) Scanner
Answer: B) Monitor
100. Who was the first Prime Minister of Pakistan?
A) Liaquat Ali Khan
B) Muhammad Ali Jinnah
C) Zulfikar Ali Bhutto
D) Ayub Khan
Answer: A) Liaquat Ali Khan