EV architecture and components – MCQs – EE

1. The basic architecture of an electric vehicle (EV) consists of:
(A) Engine, fuel tank, and transmission
(B) Battery pack, motor, controller, and drivetrain
(C) Carburetor and exhaust system
(D) Flywheel and clutch

2. The component that stores electrical energy in an EV is:
(A) Inverter
(B) Battery pack
(C) Controller
(D) Converter

3. The traction motor in an EV is responsible for:
(A) Charging the battery
(B) Providing mechanical power to the wheels
(C) Controlling temperature
(D) Regulating voltage

4. The inverter in an EV performs the function of:
(A) Converting AC to DC
(B) Converting DC to AC
(C) Regulating current only
(D) Increasing battery capacity

5. The power electronic controller in an EV:
(A) Controls motor speed and torque
(B) Supplies fuel to the engine
(C) Reduces braking force
(D) Operates the headlights

6. The DC-DC converter in an EV is used to:
(A) Step up or step down DC voltage
(B) Convert DC to AC
(C) Convert mechanical to electrical energy
(D) Increase motor torque

7. The purpose of a Battery Management System (BMS) is to:
(A) Increase motor torque
(B) Monitor, protect, and balance battery cells
(C) Store braking energy
(D) Control AC voltage

8. The transmission system in an EV is:
(A) Complex multi-gear system
(B) Usually single-speed or direct drive
(C) Requires clutch operation
(D) Hydraulic based

9. The on-board charger in an EV converts:
(A) DC to AC
(B) AC power from the grid to DC for charging
(C) DC from battery to AC for the grid
(D) Mechanical energy to electrical energy

10. The regenerative braking system in EVs converts:
(A) Heat energy into mechanical energy
(B) Mechanical energy into electrical energy
(C) Electrical energy into thermal energy
(D) Electrical energy into sound

11. The main function of the electric drivetrain is to:
(A) Convert electrical energy into mechanical energy
(B) Control braking
(C) Reduce battery losses
(D) Increase tire pressure

12. The function of the vehicle control unit (VCU) in EVs is to:
(A) Control lighting and wipers
(B) Coordinate all subsystems such as motor, battery, and brakes
(C) Store user data
(D) Cool the motor

13. The component that converts mechanical braking energy into electrical energy is:
(A) Alternator
(B) Regenerative braking motor
(C) Inverter
(D) Controller

14. The auxiliary battery in an EV is usually rated at:
(A) 1V
(B) 6V
(C) 12V
(D) 24V

15. The electric traction motor used in EVs can be of type:
(A) Induction motor or Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor
(B) Shunt DC motor only
(C) Universal motor only
(D) Stepper motor only

16. The main losses in the electric drive system occur due to:
(A) Copper and iron losses in the motor
(B) Aerodynamic drag
(C) Tire friction
(D) Battery heating

17. The function of the cooling system in an EV is to:
(A) Heat the battery
(B) Maintain optimal temperature of the motor and battery
(C) Increase current flow
(D) Convert heat to power

18. The DC link capacitor in an EV inverter:
(A) Smooths voltage ripple between converter stages
(B) Converts DC to AC
(C) Stores mechanical energy
(D) Controls temperature

19. The function of the powertrain control module (PCM) is to:
(A) Monitor tire pressure
(B) Manage interaction between battery, motor, and transmission
(C) Control entertainment systems
(D) Regulate air conditioning

20. The efficiency of a typical EV drivetrain is approximately:
(A) 30–40%
(B) 50–60%
(C) 80–90%
(D) 100%

21. The power flow in an EV during acceleration is from:
(A) Motor → Battery
(B) Battery → Inverter → Motor → Wheels
(C) Wheels → Battery
(D) Charger → Battery → Grid

22. The term “powertrain” in EVs refers to:
(A) Body and chassis
(B) Components that generate and deliver power to the wheels
(C) Lighting system
(D) Cooling system

23. The thermal management system in EVs controls:
(A) Vehicle lights
(B) Motor, inverter, and battery temperature
(C) Tire air pressure
(D) Steering control

24. The “State of Charge” (SOC) of a battery indicates:
(A) Power consumption rate
(B) Remaining battery capacity
(C) Battery temperature
(D) Charging current

25. The “State of Health” (SOH) of a battery refers to:
(A) Motor efficiency
(B) Battery’s condition compared to new
(C) Voltage regulation
(D) Cooling performance

26. The chassis of an EV is designed to:
(A) Support heavy engines
(B) Accommodate battery packs safely
(C) Increase drag
(D) Reduce aerodynamic performance

27. The isolation system in EV architecture ensures:
(A) Electrical safety and insulation between high and low voltage systems
(B) Faster charging
(C) Higher motor speed
(D) Increased energy losses

28. The auxiliary load in an EV includes:
(A) Motor drive
(B) Air conditioning, lighting, and infotainment
(C) Regenerative braking
(D) Battery charging

29. The communication between EV components is handled using:
(A) CAN bus system
(B) Optical fiber
(C) Bluetooth
(D) Satellite link

30. The main goal of EV architecture design is to:
(A) Increase vehicle weight
(B) Optimize energy efficiency and performance
(C) Reduce battery voltage
(D) Increase aerodynamic drag