Biomass and hydro energy – MCQs – EE

1. Biomass energy is obtained from:
(A) Wind
(B) Organic matter
(C) Solar radiation
(D) Water

2. The main component of biogas is:
(A) Carbon Dioxide
(B) Methane
(C) Hydrogen
(D) Oxygen

3. The process of producing biogas from organic waste is called:
(A) Aerobic digestion
(B) Anaerobic digestion
(C) Gasification
(D) Pyrolysis

4. Which of the following is not a biomass fuel?
(A) Wood
(B) Cow dung
(C) Coal
(D) Bagasse

5. The calorific value of biogas is approximately:
(A) 5 MJ/m³
(B) 10 MJ/m³
(C) 20 MJ/m³
(D) 50 MJ/m³

6. The main purpose of a biogas plant is to:
(A) Produce steam
(B) Generate methane gas
(C) Produce hydrogen
(D) Burn waste

7. The residue from a biogas plant is used as:
(A) Solid waste
(B) Fertilizer
(C) Fuel
(D) Construction material

8. Which of the following is a thermochemical conversion process of biomass?
(A) Fermentation
(B) Pyrolysis
(C) Anaerobic digestion
(D) Composting

9. In gasification of biomass, the main product gas is called:
(A) Producer gas
(B) Natural gas
(C) Water gas
(D) LPG

10. The primary benefit of biomass energy is that it is:
(A) Non-renewable
(B) Carbon-neutral
(C) High emission source
(D) Fossil-based

11. The efficiency of a typical biogas plant is around:
(A) 10–20%
(B) 25–30%
(C) 40–50%
(D) 60–70%

12. Biomass gasification produces a mixture of gases mainly composed of:
(A) CO, H₂, CH₄
(B) CO₂, O₂, N₂
(C) CH₄, NH₃, SO₂
(D) CO₂, SO₂, CO

13. The fermentation process converts biomass into:
(A) Methane
(B) Ethanol
(C) Hydrogen
(D) Carbon dioxide

14. The typical retention time for anaerobic digestion is:
(A) 5–10 days
(B) 20–30 days
(C) 40–50 days
(D) 60–90 days

15. The main disadvantage of biomass energy is:
(A) High cost
(B) Air pollution and land use
(C) No CO₂ emission
(D) Abundant resource

16. Hydropower converts the ______ energy of water into electricity.
(A) Thermal
(B) Potential
(C) Chemical
(D) Kinetic

17. The water stored at height in a dam possesses:
(A) Kinetic energy
(B) Potential energy
(C) Thermal energy
(D) Electrical energy

18. The main components of a hydroelectric power plant are:
(A) Dam, Turbine, Generator
(B) Dam, Boiler, Motor
(C) Turbine, Condenser, Compressor
(D) Boiler, Generator, Pump

19. The turbine used in high head hydro power plants is:
(A) Kaplan turbine
(B) Pelton wheel
(C) Francis turbine
(D) Propeller turbine

20. The turbine used in low head hydro power plants is:
(A) Pelton wheel
(B) Francis turbine
(C) Kaplan turbine
(D) Impulse turbine

21. The flow rate of water in hydroelectric power is measured in:
(A) m³/s
(B) W/m²
(C) kg/h
(D) m/s²

22. The hydroelectric power output depends on:
(A) Head
(B) Flow rate
(C) Efficiency of turbine
(D) All of the above

23. The small hydro power plant has a capacity of up to:
(A) 5 MW
(B) 25 MW
(C) 50 MW
(D) 100 MW

24. The head range of a medium hydro power plant is approximately:
(A) 10–50 m
(B) 50–100 m
(C) 100–200 m
(D) 200–500 m

25. The generator in a hydro power station is generally:
(A) DC generator
(B) Synchronous generator
(C) Induction generator
(D) Stepper motor

26. The hydraulic efficiency of a well-designed hydro turbine can reach up to:
(A) 50%
(B) 60%
(C) 80–90%
(D) 95%

27. The specific speed of a turbine helps in:
(A) Selecting the type of turbine
(B) Measuring head
(C) Determining generator capacity
(D) Measuring flow velocity

28. Run-of-the-river hydro plants operate:
(A) With large storage dams
(B) Without large storage reservoirs
(C) Only during floods
(D) Using sea waves

29. The efficiency of hydroelectric plants is generally:
(A) 30–40%
(B) 60–70%
(C) 80–90%
(D) 95–100%

30. The main environmental impact of hydroelectric power is:
(A) CO₂ emissions
(B) Habitat disturbance and relocation
(C) Air pollution
(D) None of the above