Which vaccine is recommended to prevent whooping cough in children?
a) DTP
b) MMR
c) Hib
d) Polio
Answer: a) DTP
What is the most common causative organism of bacterial meningitis in children under 5 years of age?
a) Streptococcus pneumoniae
b) Neisseria meningitidis
c) Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib)
d) Listeria monocytogenes
Answer: a) Streptococcus pneumoniae
Which of the following is a common complication of measles?
a) Encephalitis
b) Osteomyelitis
c) Glomerulonephritis
d) Myocarditis
Answer: a) Encephalitis
What is the primary treatment for a child diagnosed with streptococcal pharyngitis?
a) Penicillin
b) Azithromycin
c) Ceftriaxone
d) Vancomycin
Answer: a) Penicillin
Which of the following infections is characterized by a characteristic “sandpaper” rash in children?
a) Scarlet fever
b) Chickenpox
c) Fifth disease
d) Roseola
Answer: a) Scarlet fever
What is the most common causative agent of acute otitis media in children?
a) Streptococcus pneumoniae
b) Haemophilus influenzae
c) Moraxella catarrhalis
d) Staphylococcus aureus
Answer: a) Streptococcus pneumoniae
Which disease is associated with a “slapped cheek” rash in children?
a) Fifth disease
b) Measles
c) Rubella
d) Roseola
Answer: a) Fifth disease
Which antibiotic is commonly used to treat Lyme disease in children?
a) Doxycycline
b) Amoxicillin
c) Azithromycin
d) Ciprofloxacin
Answer: b) Amoxicillin
What is the most common cause of viral gastroenteritis in children?
a) Rotavirus
b) Norovirus
c) Adenovirus
d) Astrovirus
Answer: a) Rotavirus
Which of the following infections is known for causing a “rose-colored” rash that appears after fever?
a) Roseola
b) Measles
c) Rubella
d) Varicella
Answer: a) Roseola
What is the primary method of transmission for the common cold?
a) Airborne droplets
b) Fecal-oral route
c) Direct skin contact
d) Bloodborne route
Answer: a) Airborne droplets
Which childhood illness is characterized by a high fever followed by a rash that starts on the trunk and spreads to the extremities?
a) Roseola
b) Chickenpox
c) Measles
d) Scarlet fever
Answer: a) Roseola
Which vaccine is used to prevent invasive pneumococcal disease in children?
a) PCV13
b) MMR
c) DTP
d) Hib
Answer: a) PCV13
What is the most common cause of bacterial pneumonia in children?
a) Streptococcus pneumoniae
b) Staphylococcus aureus
c) Mycoplasma pneumoniae
d) Haemophilus influenzae
Answer: a) Streptococcus pneumoniae
Which infection is characterized by a high fever, conjunctivitis, and a cough followed by a rash that starts at the hairline and spreads downward?
a) Measles
b) Chickenpox
c) Roseola
d) Fifth disease
Answer: a) Measles
What is the first-line treatment for a child with uncomplicated varicella (chickenpox)?
a) Supportive care
b) Antiviral medication
c) Antibiotics
d) Steroids
Answer: a) Supportive care
Which of the following infections is commonly associated with a severe cough and a “whooping” sound?
a) Pertussis
b) Influenza
c) Bronchiolitis
d) Croup
Answer: a) Pertussis
Which disease is known for its characteristic “bull’s-eye” rash and can be transmitted by tick bites?
a) Lyme disease
b) Rocky Mountain spotted fever
c) Anaplasmosis
d) Babesiosis
Answer: a) Lyme disease
Which virus is a common cause of severe respiratory illness in infants and young children, especially during the winter months?
a) Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)
b) Rhinovirus
c) Adenovirus
d) Parainfluenza virus
Answer: a) Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)
What is the primary method of diagnosis for tuberculosis (TB) in children?
a) Tuberculin skin test (TST)
b) Chest X-ray
c) Sputum culture
d) Blood test
Answer: a) Tuberculin skin test (TST)
Which infection can lead to complications such as myocarditis and pericarditis in children?
a) Coxsackievirus
b) Rotavirus
c) Epstein-Barr virus
d) Cytomegalovirus
Answer: a) Coxsackievirus
What is the most common cause of bacterial conjunctivitis in children?
a) Haemophilus influenzae
b) Streptococcus pneumoniae
c) Staphylococcus aureus
d) Chlamydia trachomatis
Answer: a) Haemophilus influenzae
Which of the following is a common symptom of otitis media in children?
a) Ear pain
b) Headache
c) Abdominal pain
d) Rash
Answer: a) Ear pain
Which infectious disease is characterized by a prodrome of fever, followed by the appearance of small, fluid-filled vesicles on an erythematous base?
a) Chickenpox
b) Measles
c) Fifth disease
d) Hand-foot-mouth disease
Answer: a) Chickenpox
What is the primary treatment for a child diagnosed with impetigo?
a) Topical antibiotics
b) Oral antivirals
c) Antifungals
d) Systemic antibiotics
Answer: a) Topical antibiotics
Which vaccine is given to protect against rotavirus?
a) Rotavirus vaccine
b) DTP
c) Hib
d) PCV13
Answer: a) Rotavirus vaccine
Which condition is characterized by a persistent cough, stridor, and a history of recent upper respiratory tract infection?
a) Croup
b) Asthma
c) Pneumonia
d) Bronchiolitis
Answer: a) Croup
Which condition is often associated with severe dehydration and is caused by a bacterial toxin?
a) Cholera
b) E. coli infection
c) Salmonella infection
d) Campylobacteriosis
Answer: a) Cholera
What is the characteristic sign of mumps infection in children?
a) Parotid gland swelling
b) Conjunctivitis
c) Rose-colored rash
d) Cough and congestion
Answer: a) Parotid gland swelling
Which of the following is a common cause of upper respiratory tract infections in children?
a) Rhinovirus
b) Streptococcus pneumoniae
c) Mycoplasma pneumoniae
d) Haemophilus influenzae
Answer: a) Rhinovirus
Which infection is commonly associated with a high fever and the sudden appearance of a maculopapular rash in infants?
a) Roseola
b) Measles
c) Rubella
d) Fifth disease
Answer: a) Roseola
Which diagnostic test is used to confirm the presence of varicella zoster virus in children?
a) PCR test
b) Blood culture
c) Skin biopsy
d) Chest X-ray
Answer: a) PCR test
What is the primary preventive measure for preventing Hepatitis B infection in infants?
a) Hepatitis B vaccine
b) Immunoglobulin therapy
c) Antiviral medication
d) Isolation precautions
Answer: a) Hepatitis B vaccine
Which of the following conditions is known to be caused by an enterovirus?
a) Hand-foot-mouth disease
b) Tuberculosis
c) Mumps
d) Pertussis
Answer: a) Hand-foot-mouth disease
What is the most common cause of skin infections in children that present as honey-colored crusts?
a) Impetigo
b) Eczema
c) Psoriasis
d) Dermatitis
Answer: a) Impetigo
Which condition is associated with a sudden onset of severe abdominal pain and fever in young children, often accompanied by vomiting and diarrhea?
a) Appendicitis
b) Gastroenteritis
c) Intussusception
d) Diverticulitis
Answer: c) Intussusception
Which infection can lead to severe complications including encephalitis and hepatitis in infants?
a) Herpes simplex virus
b) Cytomegalovirus
c) Epstein-Barr virus
d) Adenovirus
Answer: a) Herpes simplex virus
What is the most appropriate initial treatment for a child with suspected bacterial sinusitis?
a) Oral antibiotics
b) Nasal decongestants
c) Antihistamines
d) Intranasal steroids
Answer: a) Oral antibiotics
Which childhood illness presents with a characteristic “mosaic” rash and is caused by the human parvovirus?
a) Fifth disease
b) Roseola
c) Measles
d) Chickenpox
Answer: a) Fifth disease
Which diagnostic test is used to identify respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection in children?
a) Nasal swab PCR
b) Chest X-ray
c) Blood culture
d) Urinalysis
Answer: a) Nasal swab PCR
What is the most common causative organism of urinary tract infections (UTIs) in young children?
a) Escherichia coli
b) Klebsiella pneumoniae
c) Proteus mirabilis
d) Enterococcus faecalis
Answer: a) Escherichia coli
Which disease is characterized by high fever, headache, and a rash that progresses to petechiae and purpura?
a) Meningococcal disease
b) Scarlet fever
c) Rocky Mountain spotted fever
d) Chickenpox
Answer: a) Meningococcal disease
What is the recommended initial antibiotic therapy for a child with suspected bacterial pneumonia?
a) Amoxicillin
b) Azithromycin
c) Ceftriaxone
d) Clindamycin
Answer: a) Amoxicillin
Which infection is associated with a rash that consists of flat, pink spots and is commonly known as “German measles”?
a) Rubella
b) Measles
c) Chickenpox
d) Roseola
Answer: a) Rubella
Which childhood infection presents with a characteristic “gritty” feeling and may lead to complications such as conjunctivitis and keratitis?
a) Adenoviral conjunctivitis
b) Bacterial conjunctivitis
c) Herpetic conjunctivitis
d) Allergic conjunctivitis
Answer: a) Adenoviral conjunctivitis
Which of the following is a common cause of viral croup in children?
a) Parainfluenza virus
b) Respiratory syncytial virus
c) Rhinovirus
d) Adenovirus
Answer: a) Parainfluenza virus
What is the main causative organism of bacterial conjunctivitis in infants?
a) Chlamydia trachomatis
b) Staphylococcus aureus
c) Haemophilus influenzae
d) Streptococcus pneumoniae
Answer: a) Chlamydia trachomatis
Which condition is often associated with a sudden onset of fever, cough, and difficulty breathing, especially in infants?
a) Bronchiolitis
b) Asthma
c) Pneumonia
d) Croup
Answer: a) Bronchiolitis
What is the first-line treatment for a child with acute bacterial sinusitis?
a) Amoxicillin
b) Azithromycin
c) Cefuroxime
d) Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole
Answer: a) Amoxicillin
Which infection is commonly associated with the development of a high fever, sore throat, and the formation of grayish-white patches in the throat?
a) Diptheria
b) Streptococcal pharyngitis
c) Herpes simplex virus
d) Epstein-Barr virus
Answer: a) Diptheria
