Which of the following is the primary function of leaves?
a) Absorption
b) Photosynthesis
c) Respiration
d) Storage
Answer: b) Photosynthesis
Which plant hormone is responsible for cell elongation?
a) Auxin
b) Cytokinin
c) Gibberellin
d) Ethylene
Answer: a) Auxin
What is the process by which plants make their food using sunlight?
a) Respiration
b) Photosynthesis
c) Transpiration
d) Fermentation
Answer: b) Photosynthesis
In which part of the plant does photosynthesis primarily occur?
a) Roots
b) Stem
c) Leaves
d) Flowers
Answer: c) Leaves
Which pigment is responsible for the green color in plants?
a) Carotene
b) Xanthophyll
c) Chlorophyll
d) Anthocyanin
Answer: c) Chlorophyll
What is the term for a plant that completes its life cycle in one year?
a) Biennial
b) Perennial
c) Annual
d) Deciduous
Answer: c) Annual
Which of the following is NOT a function of the root?
a) Anchorage
b) Absorption of water
c) Photosynthesis
d) Storage of nutrients
Answer: c) Photosynthesis
What type of root system is characterized by a main root growing straight down with smaller lateral roots?
a) Taproot
b) Fibrous root
c) Adventitious root
d) Prop root
Answer: a) Taproot
Which plant tissue is responsible for the transport of water and nutrients from the roots to other parts of the plant?
a) Phloem
b) Xylem
c) Cambium
d) Epidermis
Answer: b) Xylem
Which structure protects the tip of a growing root?
a) Root hair
b) Root cap
c) Root cortex
d) Root meristem
Answer: b) Root cap
Which part of the flower is responsible for producing pollen?
a) Stigma
b) Ovary
c) Anther
d) Petal
Answer: c) Anther
What is the main function of the stoma (plural: stomata) in plant leaves?
a) Transporting nutrients
b) Exchanging gases
c) Photosynthesis
d) Structural support
Answer: b) Exchanging gases
What is the term for the loss of water vapor from the aerial parts of plants, especially through the stomata?
a) Translocation
b) Transpiration
c) Absorption
d) Osmosis
Answer: b) Transpiration
What is the primary purpose of flowers in plants?
a) Photosynthesis
b) Respiration
c) Reproduction
d) Storage
Answer: c) Reproduction
Which plant hormone is involved in fruit ripening?
a) Auxin
b) Gibberellin
c) Ethylene
d) Cytokinin
Answer: c) Ethylene
Which process involves the transfer of pollen from the anther to the stigma?
a) Fertilization
b) Germination
c) Pollination
d) Vegetation
Answer: c) Pollination
What is the function of xylem in plants?
a) Transporting water and minerals
b) Transporting food
c) Providing structural support
d) Reproduction
Answer: a) Transporting water and minerals
What type of tissue is primarily involved in the transport of nutrients and food in plants?
a) Xylem
b) Phloem
c) Epidermis
d) Sclerenchyma
Answer: b) Phloem
Which part of the plant is responsible for the synthesis of proteins?
a) Chloroplast
b) Nucleus
c) Ribosome
d) Vacuole
Answer: c) Ribosome
What is the term for the part of the plant embryo that develops into the shoot?
a) Radicle
b) Plumule
c) Cotyledon
d) Hypocotyl
Answer: b) Plumule
Which gas is absorbed by plants during photosynthesis?
a) Oxygen
b) Nitrogen
c) Carbon dioxide
d) Methane
Answer: c) Carbon dioxide
Which of the following is a modified underground stem?
a) Tuber
b) Root
c) Leaf
d) Flower
Answer: a) Tuber
What is the term for plants that produce seeds enclosed within a fruit?
a) Gymnosperms
b) Angiosperms
c) Pteridophytes
d) Bryophytes
Answer: b) Angiosperms
Which part of the seed is responsible for storing food for the developing embryo?
a) Endosperm
b) Cotyledon
c) Seed coat
d) Embryo
Answer: a) Endosperm
Which type of plant tissue is responsible for growth and repair?
a) Meristematic tissue
b) Vascular tissue
c) Ground tissue
d) Dermal tissue
Answer: a) Meristematic tissue
Which structure in plant cells is responsible for photosynthesis?
a) Mitochondria
b) Ribosome
c) Chloroplast
d) Golgi apparatus
Answer: c) Chloroplast
What is the term for the movement of water through a plant from the roots to the leaves?
a) Capillary action
b) Transpiration stream
c) Osmosis
d) Diffusion
Answer: b) Transpiration stream
Which of the following is an example of a fibrous root system?
a) Carrot
b) Radish
c) Wheat
d) Beetroot
Answer: c) Wheat
What type of plant tissue is responsible for transporting sugars and other organic compounds?
a) Xylem
b) Phloem
c) Sclerenchyma
d) Collenchyma
Answer: b) Phloem
What term describes the growth response of a plant toward or away from a stimulus?
a) Phototropism
b) Geotropism
c) Hydrotropism
d) Tropism
Answer: d) Tropism
What is the term for the vascular tissue in plants that transports water and dissolved minerals from the roots to the leaves?
a) Phloem
b) Xylem
c) Sclerenchyma
d) Parenchyma
Answer: b) Xylem
Which type of plant is known for its ability to fix nitrogen in the soil?
a) Legumes
b) Grasses
c) Ferns
d) Mosses
Answer: a) Legumes
What is the primary role of the plant’s vascular cambium?
a) Transport of nutrients
b) Photosynthesis
c) Secondary growth
d) Gas exchange
Answer: c) Secondary growth
What is the function of the root hairs on a plant root?
a) Absorption of water and nutrients
b) Protection from soil pathogens
c) Storage of food
d) Anchorage
Answer: a) Absorption of water and nutrients
What is the outermost layer of cells in the plant root and shoot called?
a) Cortex
b) Epidermis
c) Endodermis
d) Pericycle
Answer: b) Epidermis
Which hormone is primarily involved in plant stress responses?
a) Auxin
b) Abscisic acid
c) Gibberellin
d) Cytokinin
Answer: b) Abscisic acid
What is the term for the process by which seeds sprout and begin to grow?
a) Pollination
b) Fertilization
c) Germination
d) Transpiration
Answer: c) Germination
Which part of the leaf is primarily responsible for gas exchange?
a) Cuticle
b) Stomata
c) Mesophyll
d) Veins
Answer: b) Stomata
Which of the following is a characteristic of dicotyledonous plants?
a) Parallel leaf venation
b) Single cotyledon
c) Flower parts in multiples of three
d) Net-like leaf venation
Answer: d) Net-like leaf venation
What is the term for a non-reproductive part of a plant such as a leaf, stem, or root?
a) Reproductive organ
b) Vegetative organ
c) Spore
d) Gamete
Answer: b) Vegetative organ
Which part of the plant is primarily involved in anchorage and absorption of water and nutrients?
a) Leaves
b) Flowers
c) Stems
d) Roots
Answer: d) Roots
What is the main role of chlorophyll in photosynthesis?
a) Absorption of sunlight
b) Production of glucose
c) Storage of energy
d) Absorption of carbon dioxide
Answer: a) Absorption of sunlight
Which structure in a plant cell stores water and maintains cell pressure?
a) Nucleus
b) Mitochondrion
c) Vacuole
d) Golgi apparatus
Answer: c) Vacuole
Which term describes the loss of water vapor through the stomata in leaves?
a) Absorption
b) Transpiration
c) Photosynthesis
d) Respiration
Answer: b) Transpiration
Which part of the flower becomes the fruit?
a) Petal
b) Stigma
c) Ovary
d) Anther
Answer: c) Ovary
What is the term for the mutualistic relationship between a fungus and the roots of a plant?
a) Parasitism
b) Mycorrhiza
c) Symbiosis
d) Commensalism
Answer: b) Mycorrhiza
Which term describes the growth of a plant in response to light?
a) Geotropism
b) Thigmotropism
c) Hydrotropism
d) Phototropism
Answer: d) Phototropism
What are the primary components of the plant cell wall?
a) Proteins
b) Lipids
c) Cellulose
d) Nucleic acids
Answer: c) Cellulose
What is the main function of the phloem in vascular plants?
a) Transporting water and minerals
b) Transporting organic nutrients
c) Providing structural support
d) Gas exchange
Answer: b) Transporting organic nutrients
Which type of reproduction involves the fusion of male and female gametes in plants?
a) Asexual reproduction
b) Vegetative propagation
c) Sexual reproduction
d) Budding
Answer: c) Sexual reproduction