Write a C++ Program to convert centimeter into meter and kilometer using the user define functions. Program of centimeter into meter and kilometer

Program Overview

The program performs the following tasks:

1. Pass-by-Value Conversion:
   • Takes the length in centimeters as input.
   • Converts centimeters to meters and kilometers within the function.
   • Displays the converted values inside the function.
   • Original value in main remains unchanged.
2. Pass-by-Reference Conversion:
   • Takes the length in centimeters as input.
   • Converts centimeters to meters and kilometers within the function.
   • Updates the original variables in main with the converted values.
   • Original variables reflect the changes after the function call.

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C++ Program Implementation

Explanation

1. Pass-by-Value (convertByValue Function)

• Definition:
  
  

  C++

  void convertByValue(int centimeters)

  1	void convertByValue(int centimeters)

  
  
  • Parameters: The function receives the length in centimeters as a copy of the actual argument.
  • Operation:
    • Converts centimeters to meters by dividing by 100.0.
    • Converts centimeters to kilometers by dividing by 100,000.0.
    • Displays the converted values inside the function.
  • Effect:

Since the function uses pass-by-value, the original cm variable in main remains unchanged after the function call.

Inside main:

• Displays the value of cm before and after calling convertByValue.

Observes that cm remains the same after the function call.

Pass-by-Reference (convertByReference Function)

• Definition:
  C++

  void convertByReference(int centimeters, double &meters, double &kilometers)

  1	void convertByReference(int centimeters, double &meters, double &kilometers)

  • Parameters:
    • centimeters: Takes the length in centimeters.
    • meters: Reference to a double variable to store meters.
    • kilometers: Reference to a double variable to store kilometers.
  • Operation:
    • Converts centimeters to meters by dividing by 100.0 and updates meters.
    • Converts centimeters to kilometers by dividing by 100,000.0 and updates kilometers.
    • Displays the converted values inside the function.
  • Effect:
    • Since the function uses pass-by-reference, the original meters and kilometers variables in main are updated with the converted values after the function call.

Inside main:

• Displays the values of cm, meters, and kilometers before and after calling convertByReference.
• Observes that meters and kilometers are updated with the converted values after the function call.

Sample Output:

Key Points

• Pass-by-Value:
  • The function receives a copy of the actual argument.
  • Changes made inside the function do not affect the original variable.
  • Useful when you want to ensure that the original data remains unchanged.
• Pass-by-Reference:
  • The function receives references (aliases) to the actual arguments.
  • Changes made inside the function directly affect the original variables.
  • Useful when you need the function to modify the original data or when you want to avoid copying large amounts of data.