Write a C program to calculate profit or loss by using user define functions. Profit Loss Program

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

// Function to calculate profit or loss using pass-by-value
void calculateProfitOrLossByValue(int costPrice, int sellingPrice) {
    int result;
    if (sellingPrice > costPrice) {
        result = sellingPrice - costPrice;
        cout << "Profit (By Value): " << result << endl;
    } else if (costPrice > sellingPrice) {
        result = costPrice - sellingPrice;
        cout << "Loss (By Value): " << result << endl;
    } else {
        cout << "No Profit, No Loss (By Value)" << endl;
    }
}

// Function to calculate profit or loss using pass-by-reference
void calculateProfitOrLossByReference(int &costPrice, int &sellingPrice, int &result, string &status) {
    if (sellingPrice > costPrice) {
        result = sellingPrice - costPrice;
        status = "Profit";
    } else if (costPrice > sellingPrice) {
        result = costPrice - sellingPrice;
        status = "Loss";
    } else {
        result = 0;
        status = "No Profit, No Loss";
    }
}

int main() {
    int costPrice = 1000, sellingPrice = 1200;
    int result;
    string status;

    // Calculate using pass-by-value
    cout << "Pass-by-Value Calculation:" << endl;
    calculateProfitOrLossByValue(costPrice, sellingPrice);

    // Calculate using pass-by-reference
    cout << "\nPass-by-Reference Calculation:" << endl;
    calculateProfitOrLossByReference(costPrice, sellingPrice, result, status);
    cout << status << " (By Reference): " << result << endl;

    return 0;
}

#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

// Function to calculate profit or loss using pass-by-value

void calculateProfitOrLossByValue(int costPrice, int sellingPrice) {

int result;

if (sellingPrice > costPrice) {

result = sellingPrice - costPrice;

cout << "Profit (By Value): " << result << endl;

} else if (costPrice > sellingPrice) {

result = costPrice - sellingPrice;

cout << "Loss (By Value): " << result << endl;

} else {

cout << "No Profit, No Loss (By Value)" << endl;

}

// Function to calculate profit or loss using pass-by-reference

void calculateProfitOrLossByReference(int &costPrice, int &sellingPrice, int &result, string &status) {

if (sellingPrice > costPrice) {

result = sellingPrice - costPrice;

status = "Profit";

} else if (costPrice > sellingPrice) {

result = costPrice - sellingPrice;

status = "Loss";

} else {

result = 0;

status = "No Profit, No Loss";

}

int main() {

int costPrice = 1000, sellingPrice = 1200;

int result;

string status;

// Calculate using pass-by-value

cout << "Pass-by-Value Calculation:" << endl;

calculateProfitOrLossByValue(costPrice, sellingPrice);

// Calculate using pass-by-reference

cout << "\nPass-by-Reference Calculation:" << endl;

calculateProfitOrLossByReference(costPrice, sellingPrice, result, status);

cout << status << " (By Reference): " << result << endl;

return 0;

}

Explanation

calculateProfitOrLossByValue Function:
- This function takes two integers, costPrice and sellingPrice, as parameters by value.
- It calculates the profit or loss by comparing the sellingPrice with the costPrice.
- Since this function uses pass-by-value, any changes made to the parameters inside the function do not affect the original variables.
calculateProfitOrLossByReference Function:
- This function takes two integers (costPrice and sellingPrice) and two additional references (result and status) as parameters.
- It calculates the profit or loss and updates the result and status variables directly.
- Since this function uses pass-by-reference, the original variables are modified with the result of the calculation.

Output

Pass-by-Value Calculation:
Profit (By Value): 200

Pass-by-Reference Calculation:
Profit (By Reference): 200

Pass-by-Value Calculation:

Profit (By Value): 200

Pass-by-Reference Calculation:

Profit (By Reference): 200

Key Points

Pass-by-Value: The original costPrice and sellingPrice values remain unchanged after the function call.
Pass-by-Reference: The result and status variables are updated with the calculated profit or loss after the function call.

Explanation

Output

Key Points

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