Smart Sensors and Actuators – MCQs – EE

1. What is the main function of a sensor in an electrical system?
(A) To measure physical quantities and convert them into electrical signals
(B) To amplify voltage
(C) To store data
(D) To generate power

2. A smart sensor differs from a traditional sensor because it:
(A) Has built-in signal processing and communication capabilities
(B) Only detects one type of input
(C) Requires external computing for all tasks
(D) Cannot store data

3. Which of the following is an example of a physical quantity measured by a sensor?
(A) Temperature, pressure, or vibration
(B) File size
(C) Memory address
(D) Color code

4. An actuator is a device that:
(A) Converts electrical signals into physical action
(B) Measures current
(C) Transmits data
(D) Stores energy

5. Smart sensors are often integrated with:
(A) Microcontrollers or embedded processors
(B) Transformers
(C) Switchgear
(D) Mechanical relays only

6. Which communication protocol is commonly used by smart sensors?
(A) I²C, SPI, or CAN bus
(B) HDMI
(C) VGA
(D) RF Modulation only

7. The key feature of a smart actuator is:
(A) Built-in feedback and control mechanism
(B) Manual operation only
(C) No data processing
(D) Fixed output response

8. In a smart sensor system, signal conditioning is used to:
(A) Filter and amplify sensor signals
(B) Store mechanical energy
(C) Create binary code
(D) Block data transmission

9. Which of the following is a displacement sensor?
(A) Linear Variable Differential Transformer (LVDT)
(B) Thermistor
(C) Photodiode
(D) Microphone

10. A piezoelectric sensor is mainly used for measuring:
(A) Vibration or pressure
(B) Light intensity
(C) Color
(D) Flow rate

11. A thermocouple generates voltage based on:
(A) Temperature difference between two junctions
(B) Pressure variation
(C) Magnetic induction
(D) Light exposure

12. Smart sensors are widely used in:
(A) Industrial automation and IoT systems
(B) Manual control systems only
(C) Simple electric circuits
(D) Battery storage only

13. An optical sensor detects changes in:
(A) Light intensity
(B) Magnetic flux
(C) Voltage
(D) Air pressure

14. In smart actuators, feedback control ensures:
(A) Precise positioning and performance adjustment
(B) Manual override
(C) Constant speed only
(D) Random operation

15. Which type of actuator uses magnetic fields to produce motion?
(A) Electromagnetic actuator
(B) Pneumatic actuator
(C) Hydraulic actuator
(D) Piezoelectric actuator

16. MEMS sensors are known for being:
(A) Miniaturized, low-power, and highly integrated
(B) Large and heavy
(C) Mechanical only
(D) Non-electronic

17. A Hall effect sensor is primarily used to measure:
(A) Magnetic field strength
(B) Temperature
(C) Pressure
(D) Flow rate

18. The main advantage of smart sensors in electrical systems is:
(A) Real-time monitoring and communication capability
(B) Manual calibration only
(C) Lack of feedback
(D) No data processing

19. A servo motor is a type of actuator that:
(A) Provides precise control of angular position
(B) Measures light intensity
(C) Converts temperature to voltage
(D) Controls air pressure

20. Smart sensors often support which wireless communication technology?
(A) Bluetooth, Zigbee, or Wi-Fi
(B) HDMI
(C) USB only
(D) VGA

21. In automation, sensors and actuators are connected through:
(A) Control loops
(B) Optical fibers
(C) Manual relays
(D) Resistors

22. Smart actuators combine mechanical movement with:
(A) Electronic control and feedback
(B) Manual control only
(C) Optical sensing
(D) Heat generation

23. A pressure sensor using a diaphragm works by:
(A) Detecting deformation due to applied pressure
(B) Measuring voltage drop
(C) Calculating magnetic flux
(D) Emitting light

24. In smart sensing systems, calibration ensures:
(A) Accurate and reliable measurement
(B) Faster data transmission
(C) Higher resistance
(D) Voltage amplification

25. A flow sensor measures:
(A) Rate of fluid or gas movement
(B) Voltage variation
(C) Magnetic field
(D) Sound level

26. The self-diagnosis feature of smart sensors helps to:
(A) Detect faults or calibration errors automatically
(B) Turn off data logging
(C) Stop communication
(D) Disable feedback

27. A hydraulic actuator operates using:
(A) Fluid pressure
(B) Electric field
(C) Magnetic field
(D) Compressed air

28. Data fusion in smart sensor networks means:
(A) Combining data from multiple sensors for improved accuracy
(B) Reducing number of sensors
(C) Ignoring redundant data
(D) Storing only one measurement

29. In smart grids, sensors and actuators are essential for:
(A) Monitoring, protection, and automatic control
(B) Manual switching
(C) Reducing communication
(D) Passive monitoring only

30. The primary objective of smart sensors and actuators in EE systems is to:
(A) Enable intelligent, real-time control and automation
(B) Increase manual supervision
(C) Limit feedback
(D) Reduce connectivity