Smart Grid Technology — MCQs – EE

1. The main goal of a smart grid is to:
(A) Enhance efficiency, reliability, and sustainability of the power system
(B) Increase transmission losses
(C) Replace renewable energy sources
(D) Eliminate communication networks

2. Smart grids combine electrical and __________ technologies.
(A) Information and communication
(B) Chemical
(C) Hydraulic
(D) Thermal

3. The key component that allows two-way communication in a smart grid is:
(A) Smart meter
(B) Transformer
(C) Circuit breaker
(D) Capacitor bank

4. Which of the following is a characteristic of a smart grid?
(A) Self-healing capability
(B) Manual control only
(C) Centralized data only
(D) No communication infrastructure

5. AMI in smart grids stands for:
(A) Advanced Metering Infrastructure
(B) Automated Machine Interface
(C) Automatic Measurement Indicator
(D) Advanced Monitoring Interface

6. Smart grids support integration of:
(A) Renewable energy sources like solar and wind
(B) Only fossil fuel-based power plants
(C) Mechanical power sources
(D) Steam engines

7. The communication backbone of a smart grid is provided by:
(A) ICT (Information and Communication Technology)
(B) Hydraulic systems
(C) Manual operators
(D) DC converters

8. Demand Response (DR) in a smart grid aims to:
(A) Adjust consumer demand to match supply conditions
(B) Increase system losses
(C) Reduce power quality
(D) Eliminate load forecasting

9. Smart meters measure and transmit data:
(A) In real-time or near real-time
(B) Once a year
(C) Only during maintenance
(D) Without any communication link

10. The concept of “self-healing” in smart grids refers to:
(A) Automatic fault detection and restoration
(B) Manual repair after faults
(C) Automatic billing
(D) Energy theft prevention only

11. Which of the following technologies is essential for smart grid operation?
(A) IoT (Internet of Things)
(B) Hydraulic control systems
(C) Mechanical relays only
(D) Analog metering

12. A key benefit of smart grids is:
(A) Improved power quality and reliability
(B) Increased transmission losses
(C) Limited control
(D) No data monitoring

13. The smart grid enhances system stability through:
(A) Real-time monitoring and control
(B) Manual load dispatch
(C) Increased line impedance
(D) Reduced automation

14. The two-way communication in smart grids occurs between:
(A) Utility and consumers
(B) Generator and motor only
(C) Transformer and relay only
(D) Load and capacitor only

15. Which protocol is commonly used for smart grid communication?
(A) IEC 61850
(B) HTTP
(C) SMTP
(D) FTP

16. PMU stands for:
(A) Phasor Measurement Unit
(B) Power Monitoring Utility
(C) Phase Measurement Utility
(D) Power Metering Unit

17. The main function of a PMU is to:
(A) Measure voltage and current phasors in real time
(B) Generate reactive power
(C) Control turbine speed
(D) Store energy

18. WAMS stands for:
(A) Wide Area Monitoring System
(B) Wireless Automated Measurement System
(C) Wind Analysis and Monitoring Setup
(D) Wide Area Management Software

19. One major advantage of smart grids is:
(A) Integration of distributed generation
(B) High system inertia
(C) Increased blackout frequency
(D) Manual fault location

20. Smart grids can help reduce carbon emissions by:
(A) Promoting renewable energy usage
(B) Increasing fossil fuel dependency
(C) Using only diesel generators
(D) Ignoring load demand patterns

21. In smart grids, data from meters and sensors is analyzed using:
(A) Big Data Analytics
(B) Manual calculations
(C) Simple analog tools
(D) Random sampling

22. Which technology helps in controlling and optimizing distributed energy resources in smart grids?
(A) Distributed Energy Resource Management System (DERMS)
(B) Central Motor Control
(C) Manual Switching System
(D) Basic Relay Logic

23. Cybersecurity in smart grids is important because:
(A) Data and control commands are transmitted digitally
(B) The grid is not connected to communication networks
(C) Only physical access is possible
(D) Manual controls dominate

24. The key advantage of smart grid automation is:
(A) Fast fault detection and system restoration
(B) Increased manual labor
(C) Reduced data accuracy
(D) Power theft encouragement

25. Smart grids improve voltage regulation through:
(A) Real-time reactive power control
(B) Manual tap changers
(C) Fixed capacitor banks only
(D) Overloading lines

26. The integration of electric vehicles (EVs) into smart grids helps in:
(A) Load balancing and energy storage
(B) Increasing grid instability
(C) Reducing power factor
(D) Eliminating renewables

27. The “smart” feature of smart grids primarily depends on:
(A) Automation, communication, and data processing
(B) Manual control
(C) Overvoltage conditions
(D) High resistance conductors

28. Microgrids are:
(A) Small-scale power systems that can operate independently or with the main grid
(B) Only DC systems
(C) Used for communication only
(D) Backup batteries

29. One major challenge in smart grid deployment is:
(A) Cybersecurity and data privacy concerns
(B) Abundance of fossil fuels
(C) Low consumer participation
(D) Manual monitoring

30. The ultimate objective of smart grid technology is to:
(A) Deliver electricity efficiently, reliably, and sustainably with consumer participation
(B) Eliminate automation
(C) Increase power loss
(D) Depend solely on centralized power generation