Renewable integration and grid simulation – MCQs – EE

1. Renewable energy sources include:
(A) Coal and natural gas
(B) Solar, wind, and hydro
(C) Nuclear only
(D) Diesel generators

2. Grid integration of renewable energy requires:
(A) Only transformers
(B) Inverters and power electronics interfaces
(C) Step response only
(D) Load shedding devices

3. Solar PV systems generate:
(A) DC power that can be converted to AC
(B) Only AC directly
(C) Thermal energy
(D) Only reactive power

4. Wind turbines can provide:
(A) Mechanical power only
(B) Variable AC power converted to grid frequency
(C) Constant voltage only
(D) Step response output

5. Grid simulation helps to:
(A) Analyze voltage, frequency, and power flow under various conditions
(B) Only measure RMS voltage
(C) Plot transformer taps
(D) Step response only

6. Intermittency of renewables affects:
(A) Grid stability and power quality
(B) Load flow only
(C) Transformer ratings
(D) Step response only

7. Energy storage systems help to:
(A) Smooth output from renewable sources
(B) Only measure load currents
(C) Step response only
(D) Plot voltage dips

8. Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) is used in:
(A) Solar PV to optimize power output
(B) Wind turbines only
(C) Step response blocks
(D) Transformer protection

9. Grid codes ensure:
(A) Proper integration and operation of renewable energy
(B) Step response only
(C) Only load shedding
(D) RMS current measurement

10. Microgrids can operate:
(A) Only connected to the main grid
(B) In grid-connected or islanded mode
(C) Step response only
(D) Only as backup power

11. Power electronics in renewable integration provide:
(A) Voltage regulation, frequency control, and harmonics mitigation
(B) Step response only
(C) Transformer tap adjustment
(D) Load current measurement

12. In grid simulation, load flow studies are used to:
(A) Determine voltage profiles and power flows
(B) Only measure harmonics
(C) Step response only
(D) Reactive power only

13. Dynamic simulation of the grid helps to:
(A) Analyze transient stability under faults or disturbances
(B) Plot voltage sag only
(C) Load shedding only
(D) Step response only

14. High penetration of renewables may cause:
(A) Voltage fluctuations and frequency deviations
(B) Step response only
(C) Load balancing only
(D) Transformer overheating only

15. Grid-connected PV inverters must provide:
(A) Active and reactive power support
(B) Step response only
(C) Only DC output
(D) Only voltage monitoring

16. Wind farm simulation includes:
(A) Aerodynamic, mechanical, and electrical models
(B) Only load flow
(C) Step response only
(D) Transformer taps only

17. Distributed generation affects:
(A) Power flow, protection coordination, and voltage profile
(B) Step response only
(C) Load shedding only
(D) Frequency measurement only

18. Fault ride-through capability is important for:
(A) Maintaining grid connection during short-term faults
(B) Step response only
(C) Transformer tap adjustment
(D) Only load flow

19. Grid simulation tools include:
(A) ETAP, PSCAD, and MATLAB/Simulink
(B) Step response blocks only
(C) RMS measurement tools
(D) Voltage regulators only

20. Renewable generation affects:
(A) Voltage stability and harmonic distortion
(B) Step response only
(C) Load shedding only
(D) Transformer cooling only

21. Virtual synchronous generator (VSG) concept helps to:
(A) Provide inertia and frequency support
(B) Only load flow
(C) Step response only
(D) Measure voltage dips

22. Reactive power compensation is needed for:
(A) Maintaining voltage profile with high renewable penetration
(B) Step response only
(C) Load current measurement only
(D) Transformer rating only

23. Simulation of energy storage systems helps to:
(A) Evaluate impact on grid stability and power quality
(B) Step response only
(C) Only plot RMS voltage
(D) Load flow only

24. Grid-tied inverter controls include:
(A) Active/reactive power control and voltage/frequency regulation
(B) Step response only
(C) Transformer tap adjustment
(D) Load current measurement

25. Power electronics converters in renewables can:
(A) Inject harmonics if poorly designed
(B) Step response only
(C) Only measure voltage
(D) Only monitor current

26. Load modeling in grid simulation includes:
(A) Constant power, constant impedance, and constant current loads
(B) Step response only
(C) RMS voltage only
(D) Only harmonics

27. Renewable integration studies help in:
(A) Planning, operation, and reliability assessment
(B) Step response only
(C) Load shedding only
(D) Transformer protection only

28. High renewable penetration may require:
(A) Grid reinforcement and advanced control strategies
(B) Step response only
(C) Load flow only
(D) RMS measurement only

29. Stability assessment in renewable grids includes:
(A) Small-signal, transient, and voltage stability studies
(B) Step response only
(C) Load flow only
(D) Only transformer rating

30. Power quality issues in renewable integration include:
(A) Voltage sags/swells, harmonics, flicker, and unbalance
(B) Step response only
(C) Only load flow
(D) Only RMS voltage measurement