1. What does RDBMS stand for?
A) Relational Database Management System
B) Relational Data Base Management Software
C) Real-time Database Management System
D) Remote Database Management System
Answer: A) Relational Database Management System
2. Which of the following is a feature of Oracle 11g?
A) Real Application Clusters
B) Automatic Storage Management
C) Flashback Technology
D) All of the above
Answer: D) All of the above
3. In database normalization, what is the primary goal?
A) Minimize redundancy
B) Increase redundancy
C) Enhance performance
D) Simplify queries
Answer: A) Minimize redundancy
4. What is a DFD?
A) Data Flow Diagram
B) Data Function Diagram
C) Database Functional Diagram
D) Data Frame Diagram
Answer: A) Data Flow Diagram
5. Which SQL command is used to remove a table from a database?
A) DELETE
B) DROP
C) REMOVE
D) TRUNCATE
Answer: B) DROP
6. What does ERD stand for?
A) Entity Relationship Diagram
B) Entity Relational Diagram
C) Entity Reference Diagram
D) Entity Representation Diagram
Answer: A) Entity Relationship Diagram
7. Which command is used to create a backup in Oracle?
A) EXPORT
B) BACKUP
C) RMAN
D) DUPLICATE
Answer: C) RMAN
8. Which of the following is a type of JOIN in SQL?
A) INNER JOIN
B) OUTER JOIN
C) CROSS JOIN
D) All of the above
Answer: D) All of the above
9. What is the maximum number of rows returned by a SELECT statement if no LIMIT is applied?
A) 1000
B) 10000
C) Unlimited
D) 5000
Answer: C) Unlimited
10. What does PL/SQL stand for?
A) Programming Language/SQL
B) Procedural Language/SQL
C) Personal Language/SQL
D) Professional Language/SQL
Answer: B) Procedural Language/SQL
11. What is the purpose of the Oracle Data Pump?
A) Data Import and Export
B) Data Backup
C) Data Normalization
D) Data Encryption
Answer: A) Data Import and Export
12. In which SQL statement is the WHERE clause used?
A) SELECT
B) INSERT
C) UPDATE
D) All of the above
Answer: D) All of the above
13. What is a primary key in a database?
A) A unique identifier for a record
B) A foreign key
C) A column that can have null values
D) A column with multiple values
Answer: A) A unique identifier for a record
14. Which of the following tools is used for database modeling?
A) MS Visio
B) Toad Modeler
C) Oracle SQL Developer
D) All of the above
Answer: D) All of the above
15. What is the main function of a data warehouse?
A) Real-time transaction processing
B) Historical data analysis
C) Data entry
D) Data replication
Answer: B) Historical data analysis
16. What is Shell Scripting primarily used for?
A) Web development
B) System administration tasks
C) Database management
D) Graphic design
Answer: B) System administration tasks
17. What is the function of data mining?
A) Data input
B) Data output
C) Discovering patterns in large datasets
D) Data normalization
Answer: C) Discovering patterns in large datasets
18. Which of the following is not a data modeling technique?
A) Entity-Relationship Model
B) Relational Model
C) Hierarchical Model
D) Object-Oriented Model
Answer: D) Object-Oriented Model
19. What does the term ‘Disaster Recovery’ refer to?
A) Data backup
B) Restoring systems after a disaster
C) Data archiving
D) None of the above
Answer: B) Restoring systems after a disaster
20. What does normalization do in database design?
A) Increase redundancy
B) Eliminate duplicate data
C) Decrease data integrity
D) Both A and C
Answer: B) Eliminate duplicate data
21. In Oracle, which command is used to retrieve data from a table?
A) GET
B) SELECT
C) PULL
D) QUERY
Answer: B) SELECT
22. Which of the following is a valid SQL data type?
A) INTEGER
B) CHAR
C) VARCHAR
D) All of the above
Answer: D) All of the above
23. In a database, what is a foreign key?
A) A primary key from another table
B) A unique identifier
C) A column that can have multiple values
D) A data type
Answer: A) A primary key from another table
24. Which command is used to modify existing data in a table?
A) UPDATE
B) CHANGE
C) MODIFY
D) ALTER
Answer: A) UPDATE
25. What is a view in SQL?
A) A virtual table
B) A stored procedure
C) A physical table
D) An index
Answer: A) A virtual table
26. Which of the following is a non-relational database?
A) MySQL
B) Oracle
C) MongoDB
D) PostgreSQL
Answer: C) MongoDB
27. In Oracle, what does RMAN stand for?
A) Relational Management Assistant
B) Recovery Manager
C) Resource Management Assistant
D) Relational Model Assistant
Answer: B) Recovery Manager
28. What is the purpose of data normalization?
A) To organize data efficiently
B) To increase redundancy
C) To create more relationships
D) To limit data access
Answer: A) To organize data efficiently
29. Which of the following is not a type of join?
A) INNER JOIN
B) OUTER JOIN
C) CROSS JOIN
D) COMPOSITE JOIN
Answer: D) COMPOSITE JOIN
30. What is the main purpose of an Entity-Relationship Diagram (ERD)?
A) To show data flow
B) To visualize database structure
C) To represent database queries
D) To create reports
Answer: B) To visualize database structure
31. What is the output of the SQL query SELECT COUNT(*) FROM table_name;?
A) Total number of rows
B) Total number of columns
C) First row data
D) Total unique values
Answer: A) Total number of rows
32. In a SQL database, what does the acronym ‘DDL’ stand for?
A) Data Definition Language
B) Data Data Language
C) Data Description Language
D) Data Development Language
Answer: A) Data Definition Language
33. What is a composite key?
A) A key made up of multiple attributes
B) A key that contains null values
C) A key with a single attribute
D) A key that is unique
Answer: A) A key made up of multiple attributes
34. Which of the following statements is true about a database?
A) It cannot be updated.
B) It is a collection of related data.
C) It can only be accessed by one user.
D) It is a temporary storage medium.
Answer: B) It is a collection of related data.
35. What is the use of an index in a database?
A) To increase redundancy
B) To speed up data retrieval
C) To store large amounts of data
D) To normalize data
Answer: B) To speed up data retrieval
36. In SQL, which keyword is used to filter records?
A) WHERE
B) HAVING
C) FILTER
D) Both A and B
Answer: D) Both A and B
37. What does a database trigger do?
A) Automatically executes a specified action when certain events occur
B) Initiates data export
C) Deletes records
D) Updates records
Answer: A) Automatically executes a specified action when certain events occur
38. Which command is used to add new rows to a table?
A) INSERT
B) ADD
C) APPEND
D) NEW
Answer: A) INSERT
39. What does SQL stand for?
A) Structured Query Language
B) Simple Query Language
C) Standard Query Language
D) None of the above
Answer: A) Structured Query Language
40. In Oracle, which command is used to grant privileges to users?
A) ALLOW
B) GRANT
C) AUTHORIZE
D) PERMIT
Answer: B) GRANT
41. Which of the following is a characteristic of a relational database?
A) Data is stored in tables
B) Relationships between data are defined
C) Data can be queried using SQL
D) All of the above
Answer: D) All of the above
42. What is the purpose of the GROUP BY clause in SQL?
A) To sort data
B) To aggregate data
C) To filter data
D) To join tables
Answer: B) To aggregate data
43. In Oracle, what is the use of the ALTER command?
A) To create a new table
B) To modify an existing table
C) To delete a table
D) To retrieve data
Answer: B) To modify an existing table
44. What is a stored procedure?
A) A SQL command
B) A set of SQL statements that can be executed as a unit
C) A type of database
D) A data modeling technique
Answer: B) A set of SQL statements that can be executed as a unit
45. What does a foreign key establish in a relational database?
A) Uniqueness
B) Data integrity
C) Redundancy
D) Both A and B
Answer: B) Data integrity
46. Which of the following is a benefit of using a data warehouse?
A) Enhanced data analysis
B) Real-time data processing
C) Simple data entry
D) None of the above
Answer: A) Enhanced data analysis
47. What is the purpose of data mining?
A) To analyze past data for patterns
B) To delete unnecessary data
C) To normalize databases
D) To manage user access
Answer: A) To analyze past data for patterns
48. What is the role of a database administrator?
A) To design databases
B) To maintain database security
C) To optimize performance
D) All of the above
Answer: D) All of the above
49. Which SQL clause is used to sort the result set?
A) ORDER BY
B) SORT BY
C) GROUP BY
D) FILTER BY
Answer: A) ORDER BY
50. What does Toad Modeler primarily assist with?
A) Data backup
B) Database modeling
C) Query optimization
D) Data mining
Answer: B) Database modeling
51. In Oracle, what is the primary purpose of the RMAN tool?
A) Data import/export
B) Backup and recovery
C) Data mining
D) Performance tuning
Answer: B) Backup and recovery
52. What type of data does a data warehouse primarily store?
A) Real-time data
B) Historical data
C) Transactional data
D) None of the above
Answer: B) Historical data
53. What is a shell script?
A) A file that contains a series of commands for the shell
B) A type of database
C) A programming language
D) An SQL command
Answer: A) A file that contains a series of commands for the shell
54. What does the acronym SQL stand for?
A) Simple Query Language
B) Structured Query Language
C) Standard Query Language
D) None of the above
Answer: B) Structured Query Language
55. What is the main function of the SELECT statement?
A) To retrieve data from a database
B) To update data
C) To delete data
D) To create a new table
Answer: A) To retrieve data from a database
56. Which Oracle feature allows for point-in-time recovery?
A) Flashback
B) Data Pump
C) RMAN
D) Export/Import
Answer: A) Flashback
57. Which of the following is a valid SQL function?
A) AVG()
B) COUNT()
C) SUM()
D) All of the above
Answer: D) All of the above
58. In SQL, what does the DISTINCT keyword do?
A) Returns all values
B) Returns unique values only
C) Sorts data
D) Filters data
Answer: B) Returns unique values only
59. What does a data model represent?
A) Data structures and relationships
B) SQL commands
C) User interface designs
D) Programming languages
Answer: A) Data structures and relationships
60. What is the purpose of an index in a database?
A) To slow down queries
B) To optimize data retrieval
C) To encrypt data
D) To normalize data
Answer: B) To optimize data retrieval
61. What is the purpose of the HAVING clause in SQL?
A) To filter groups
B) To sort records
C) To retrieve unique values
D) To join tables
Answer: A) To filter groups
62. Which of the following is an example of a NoSQL database?
A) MySQL
B) Oracle
C) MongoDB
D) PostgreSQL
Answer: C) MongoDB
63. In a relational database, which term describes a one-to-many relationship?
A) Cardinality
B) Integrity
C) Normalization
D) Foreign Key
Answer: A) Cardinality
64. What is the main purpose of using PL/SQL?
A) Data entry
B) Web development
C) Procedural programming within Oracle databases
D) Data mining
Answer: C) Procedural programming within Oracle databases
65. Which command is used to delete all records in a table without removing the table structure?
A) DELETE
B) DROP
C) TRUNCATE
D) REMOVE
Answer: C) TRUNCATE
66. Which of the following is not a type of database model?
A) Hierarchical
B) Network
C) Relational
D) Functional
Answer: D) Functional
67. In SQL, which keyword is used to limit the number of records returned?
A) LIMIT
B) MAX
C) TOP
D) BOTH A and C
Answer: D) BOTH A and C
68. Which of the following is a benefit of using Oracle Data Pump?
A) Fast data export and import
B) Data integrity
C) Data visualization
D) None of the above
Answer: A) Fast data export and import
69. What is the main advantage of using a data warehouse?
A) Real-time processing
B) Historical analysis and reporting
C) Data entry
D) None of the above
Answer: B) Historical analysis and reporting
70. What is the purpose of the GROUP BY clause?
A) To group rows that have the same values
B) To sort data
C) To join tables
D) To filter data
Answer: A) To group rows that have the same values
71. Which SQL command is used to change data in a database?
A) CHANGE
B) MODIFY
C) UPDATE
D) ALTER
Answer: C) UPDATE
72. What does a relational database use to establish relationships between tables?
A) Data types
B) Keys
C) Constraints
D) Views
Answer: B) Keys
73. Which command is used to display all records from a table called ’employees’?
A) SELECT * FROM employees;
B) DISPLAY * FROM employees;
C) SHOW * FROM employees;
D) ALL FROM employees;
Answer: A) SELECT * FROM employees;
74. What is the main use of Oracle RMAN?
A) Data modeling
B) Performance tuning
C) Backup and recovery
D) Data analysis
Answer: C) Backup and recovery
75. Which of the following describes the term ‘data integrity’?
A) Accuracy and consistency of data
B) Redundancy in data
C) Speed of data retrieval
D) Amount of data stored
Answer: A) Accuracy and consistency of data
76. In Oracle, what is the purpose of the EXPLAIN PLAN command?
A) To analyze SQL statements
B) To create tables
C) To backup data
D) To delete records
Answer: A) To analyze SQL statements
77. Which of the following best describes data mining?
A) Extracting patterns and knowledge from large amounts of data
B) Normalizing databases
C) Backing up data
D) Securing data
Answer: A) Extracting patterns and knowledge from large amounts of data
78. What is the main function of a database trigger?
A) To restrict data access
B) To execute code automatically when specific conditions are met
C) To create indexes
D) To normalize data
Answer: B) To execute code automatically when specific conditions are met
79. Which of the following is a benefit of using a data warehouse?
A) Improved data analysis and reporting
B) Increased data redundancy
C) Slower data retrieval
D) Real-time processing
Answer: A) Improved data analysis and reporting
80. What does the SQL command CREATE TABLE do?
A) Modifies an existing table
B) Deletes a table
C) Creates a new table in the database
D) Backups data
Answer: C) Creates a new table in the database
81. What is the capital city of Pakistan?
A) Karachi
B) Lahore
C) Islamabad
D) Quetta
Answer: C) Islamabad
82. Which river is known as the lifeline of Pakistan?
A) Indus River
B) Chenab River
C) Ravi River
D) Jhelum River
Answer: A) Indus River
83. Who is known as the “Father of the Nation” in Pakistan?
A) Allama Iqbal
B) Muhammad Ali Jinnah
C) Liaquat Ali Khan
D) Benazir Bhutto
Answer: B) Muhammad Ali Jinnah
84. Which of the following is a major mountain range in Pakistan?
A) Himalayas
B) Andes
C) Rockies
D) Alps
Answer: A) Himalayas
85. The national flower of Pakistan is:
A) Jasmine
B) Rose
C) Sunflower
D) Marigold
Answer: A) Jasmine
86. In which year did Pakistan become independent?
A) 1945
B) 1947
C) 1950
D) 1956
Answer: B) 1947
87. What is the currency of Pakistan?
A) Dollar
B) Rupee
C) Pound
D) Euro
Answer: B) Rupee
88. The largest city of Pakistan by population is:
A) Lahore
B) Karachi
C) Islamabad
D) Faisalabad
Answer: B) Karachi
89. Which of the following is a UNESCO World Heritage Site in Pakistan?
A) Badshahi Mosque
B) Moenjodaro
C) Faisal Mosque
D) Minar-e-Pakistan
Answer: B) Moenjodaro
90. Which element is represented by the chemical symbol ‘H’?
A) Helium
B) Hydrogen
C) Hafnium
D) Hassium
Answer: B) Hydrogen
91. The process of converting a liquid to a gas is known as:
A) Condensation
B) Sublimation
C) Evaporation
D) Freezing
Answer: C) Evaporation
92. The earth revolves around the sun in approximately how many days?
A) 365
B) 366
C) 360
D) 364
Answer: A) 365
93. Which gas is essential for photosynthesis in plants?
A) Oxygen
B) Nitrogen
C) Carbon Dioxide
D) Hydrogen
Answer: C) Carbon Dioxide
94. The capital of the province of Sindh is:
A) Quetta
B) Karachi
C) Peshawar
D) Lahore
Answer: B) Karachi
95. The sum of angles in a triangle is always:
A) 90 degrees
B) 180 degrees
C) 360 degrees
D) 270 degrees
Answer: B) 180 degrees
96. What is the square root of 64?
A) 6
B) 7
C) 8
D) 9
Answer: C) 8
97. Which of the following is a synonym for ‘happy’?
A) Sad
B) Joyful
C) Angry
D) Tired
Answer: B) Joyful
98. The national language of Pakistan is:
A) English
B) Urdu
C) Punjabi
D) Sindhi
Answer: B) Urdu
99. Which planet is known as the “Red Planet”?
A) Venus
B) Mars
C) Jupiter
D) Saturn
Answer: B) Mars
100. Who wrote the famous poem “Saare Jahan Se Achha”?
A) Allama Iqbal
B) Faiz Ahmed Faiz
C) Mirza Ghalib
D) Muhammad Iqbal
Answer: A) Allama Iqbal
