Nanomaterials and nanostructures – MCQs – EE

1. Nanomaterials are materials with structural features typically in the range of:
(A) 1–100 nanometers
(B) 1–100 micrometers
(C) 1–10 millimeters
(D) 1–100 centimeters

2. The most distinguishing property of nanomaterials is:
(A) High surface area to volume ratio
(B) Low strength
(C) High density
(D) Large particle size

3. The term nanostructure refers to a structure with at least one dimension less than:
(A) 100 nm
(B) 10 µm
(C) 1 mm
(D) 100 µm

4. Which of the following is a 0D nanomaterial?
(A) Nanoparticle
(B) Nanowire
(C) Nanotube
(D) Thin film

5. A 1D nanostructure includes:
(A) Nanowires and nanotubes
(B) Nanoparticles
(C) Nanofilms
(D) Quantum dots

6. A 2D nanomaterial is best represented by:
(A) Graphene sheet
(B) Quantum dot
(C) Nanorod
(D) Fullerene

7. A 3D nanostructure example is:
(A) Nanocomposite
(B) Nanowire
(C) Thin film
(D) Quantum dot

8. The top-down approach for nanomaterial fabrication involves:
(A) Breaking down bulk materials into nanoscale structures
(B) Building atoms into nanostructures
(C) Assembling molecules
(D) Growing crystals from atoms

9. The bottom-up approach for nanomaterial synthesis involves:
(A) Assembling atoms or molecules into nanoscale structures
(B) Grinding bulk materials
(C) Etching silicon wafers
(D) Shaping metallic blocks

10. Quantum confinement effect becomes significant when the particle size is:
(A) Comparable to or smaller than the electron’s de Broglie wavelength
(B) Very large compared to the wavelength
(C) Equal to 1 mm
(D) Above 1 µm

11. Quantum dots are examples of:
(A) 0D nanostructures
(B) 1D nanostructures
(C) 2D nanostructures
(D) 3D nanostructures

12. Fullerenes (C60) are made entirely of:
(A) Carbon atoms arranged in spherical structure
(B) Silicon atoms in cubic lattice
(C) Iron and oxygen molecules
(D) Aluminum compounds

13. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) can be:
(A) Single-walled or multi-walled
(B) Flat layers
(C) Spherical particles
(D) Cubic structures

14. Graphene is a:
(A) Single layer of carbon atoms in hexagonal lattice
(B) Multiple layers of silicon
(C) Aluminum oxide film
(D) Copper sheet

15. The specific surface area of nanomaterials is:
(A) Very high
(B) Very low
(C) Same as bulk material
(D) Negligible

16. The mechanical strength of nanomaterials is generally:
(A) Higher than bulk materials
(B) Lower than bulk materials
(C) Equal to bulk materials
(D) Unaffected by size

17. Self-assembly in nanotechnology refers to:
(A) Spontaneous organization of molecules into ordered structures
(B) Manual arrangement of atoms
(C) Chemical etching
(D) Physical vapor deposition

18. Sol-gel method is a technique used to:
(A) Produce nanostructured materials from chemical solutions
(B) Melt metals
(C) Compress powders
(D) Cut thin films

19. Electrospinning is a common method used to produce:
(A) Nanofibers
(B) Nanoparticles
(C) Thin films
(D) Quantum dots

20. Nanocomposites are materials made by:
(A) Combining nanoparticles with bulk materials to enhance properties
(B) Mixing polymers only
(C) Using metals only
(D) Removing impurities from alloys

21. Nanostructured thin films are often used in:
(A) Solar cells and sensors
(B) Concrete structures
(C) Paper production
(D) Heavy machinery

22. Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) is used for:
(A) Imaging and measuring surface topography at nanoscale
(B) Heating nanomaterials
(C) Chemical vapor deposition
(D) Spectroscopic analysis

23. The bandgap of nanomaterials can be:
(A) Tuned by controlling particle size
(B) Constant regardless of size
(C) Always zero
(D) Only dependent on temperature

24. Nanostructured coatings improve:
(A) Wear resistance and corrosion protection
(B) Friction
(C) Surface roughness only
(D) Material weight

25. The optical properties of nanomaterials differ from bulk because of:
(A) Quantum confinement and surface plasmon effects
(B) Mechanical deformation
(C) Low mass density
(D) Temperature rise

26. Nanomaterials in electrical systems enhance:
(A) Conductivity, dielectric strength, and efficiency
(B) Resistance and losses
(C) Energy consumption
(D) System weight

27. Nanostructured semiconductors are used in:
(A) LEDs, lasers, and solar cells
(B) Transformers
(C) Circuit breakers
(D) Cables

28. The morphology of nanomaterials refers to:
(A) Shape and structure at the nanoscale
(B) Color of the material
(C) Chemical formula
(D) Magnetic behavior

29. The main challenge in using nanomaterials is:
(A) Toxicity and environmental impact
(B) Low efficiency
(C) Large size
(D) Weak bonding

30. The future potential of nanomaterials in electrical engineering lies in:
(A) High-performance, miniaturized, and energy-efficient devices
(B) Increasing system size
(C) Manual control systems
(D) Low-speed machinery