1. What is the primary function of the cell membrane in microbial cells?
a) DNA replication
b) Energy production
c) Regulating the movement of substances in and out of the cell
d) Protein synthesis
Answer: c) Regulating the movement of substances in and out of the cell
2. Which structure in bacterial cells is responsible for providing rigidity and shape to the cell?
a) Cytoplasm
b) Cell membrane
c) Cell wall
d) Nucleus
Answer: c) Cell wall
3. In which type of cells are ribosomes primarily involved in protein synthesis?
a) Eukaryotic cells only
b) Prokaryotic cells only
c) Both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells
d) Neither prokaryotic nor eukaryotic cells
Answer: c) Both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells
4. Which of the following structures is unique to eukaryotic cells but not found in prokaryotic cells?
a) Plasma membrane
b) Ribosomes
c) Nucleus
d) Cell wall
Answer: c) Nucleus
5. What is the function of the flagella in bacterial cells?
a) DNA replication
b) Nutrient uptake
c) Movement and motility
d) Protein synthesis
Answer: c) Movement and motility
6. What component of the bacterial cell wall is responsible for Gram staining?
a) Lipopolysaccharides
b) Peptidoglycan
c) Phospholipids
d) Lipoproteins
Answer: b) Peptidoglycan
7. Which cellular structure is primarily involved in energy production in eukaryotic cells?
a) Ribosome
b) Mitochondrion
c) Endoplasmic reticulum
d) Golgi apparatus
Answer: b) Mitochondrion
8. The cytoplasm of a bacterial cell primarily consists of:
a) Nucleus and nucleolus
b) Cell membrane and cell wall
c) Cytosol and organelles
d) Cytosol and various inclusions
Answer: d) Cytosol and various inclusions
9. Which structure in gram-negative bacteria contributes to antibiotic resistance and affects the permeability of the cell membrane?
a) Outer membrane
b) Peptidoglycan layer
c) Flagella
d) Capsule
Answer: a) Outer membrane
10. What role does the capsule play in bacterial cells?
a) Energy production
b) Protection from phagocytosis
c) Protein synthesis
d) DNA replication
Answer: b) Protection from phagocytosis