Cell body function in neuron

By: Prof. Dr. Fazal Rehman Shamil | Last updated: February 3, 2024

QUESTION:  Cell body function in neuron

ANS:

Integration of Signals:

• The main function of cell body is to receive incoming signals from dendrites.
• These signals are then integrated to determine whether the neuron will generate an electrical impulse, known as an action potential.
• This integration involves summing up the excitatory and inhibitory inputs received by the neuron.

Protein Synthesis:

• The cell body contains ribosomes, endoplasmic reticulum, and Golgi apparatus, which are involved in protein synthesis and modification.
• These proteins are essential for maintaining the structure and function of the neuron and are transported to various parts of the neuron as needed.

Metabolic Support:

• Cell body produces energy through cellular respiration and supplies the necessary nutrients and molecules required for the neuron’s survival and proper functioning.

Axonal Transport:

• The cell body is responsible for the movement of various substances, such as proteins, vesicles, and organelles, along the axon.
• The cell body synthesizes and packages these materials and sends them down the axon to reach the synaptic terminals.

Maintenance and Repair:

• The cell body is involved in the maintenance and repair of the neuron.
• It synthesizes new components, replaces damaged or worn-out organelles, and carries out essential cellular processes to ensure the neuron’s overall health and longevity.

Neuronal Development:

• Cell body is responsible for guiding the growth and formation of dendrites and axons during the development.
• It produces molecular cues and signaling molecules that help shape the neuronal connections and establish proper synaptic connections with other neurons.