C++ Program to count the total number of notes in a given amount. Using user define functions

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

// Function to count notes using pass-by-value
void countNotesByValue(int amount, int &notes100, int &notes50, int &notes20, int &notes10, int &notes5, int &notes1) {
    notes100 = amount / 100;
    amount %= 100;
    
    notes50 = amount / 50;
    amount %= 50;
    
    notes20 = amount / 20;
    amount %= 20;
    
    notes10 = amount / 10;
    amount %= 10;
    
    notes5 = amount / 5;
    amount %= 5;
    
    notes1 = amount;  // Remaining amount is in 1-rupee notes
}

// Function to count notes using pass-by-reference (without modifying function signature)
void countNotesByReference(int amount, int &notes100, int &notes50, int &notes20, int &notes10, int &notes5, int &notes1) {
    countNotesByValue(amount, notes100, notes50, notes20, notes10, notes5, notes1);
}

int main() {
    int amount;
    int notes100, notes50, notes20, notes10, notes5, notes1;

    // Input the amount
    cout << "Enter the amount: ";
    cin >> amount;

    // Count notes using pass-by-value
    countNotesByValue(amount, notes100, notes50, notes20, notes10, notes5, notes1);
    cout << "Using pass-by-value:" << endl;
    cout << "100 rupee notes: " << notes100 << endl;
    cout << "50 rupee notes: " << notes50 << endl;
    cout << "20 rupee notes: " << notes20 << endl;
    cout << "10 rupee notes: " << notes10 << endl;
    cout << "5 rupee notes: " << notes5 << endl;
    cout << "1 rupee notes: " << notes1 << endl;

    // Count notes using pass-by-reference
    countNotesByReference(amount, notes100, notes50, notes20, notes10, notes5, notes1);
    cout << "Using pass-by-reference:" << endl;
    cout << "100 rupee notes: " << notes100 << endl;
    cout << "50 rupee notes: " << notes50 << endl;
    cout << "20 rupee notes: " << notes20 << endl;
    cout << "10 rupee notes: " << notes10 << endl;
    cout << "5 rupee notes: " << notes5 << endl;
    cout << "1 rupee notes: " << notes1 << endl;

    return 0;
}

#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

// Function to count notes using pass-by-value

void countNotesByValue(int amount, int &notes100, int &notes50, int &notes20, int &notes10, int &notes5, int &notes1) {

notes100 = amount / 100;

amount %= 100;

notes50 = amount / 50;

amount %= 50;

notes20 = amount / 20;

amount %= 20;

notes10 = amount / 10;

amount %= 10;

notes5 = amount / 5;

amount %= 5;

notes1 = amount; // Remaining amount is in 1-rupee notes

}

// Function to count notes using pass-by-reference (without modifying function signature)

void countNotesByReference(int amount, int &notes100, int &notes50, int &notes20, int &notes10, int &notes5, int &notes1) {

countNotesByValue(amount, notes100, notes50, notes20, notes10, notes5, notes1);

}

int main() {

int amount;

int notes100, notes50, notes20, notes10, notes5, notes1;

// Input the amount

cout << "Enter the amount: ";

cin >> amount;

// Count notes using pass-by-value

countNotesByValue(amount, notes100, notes50, notes20, notes10, notes5, notes1);

cout << "Using pass-by-value:" << endl;

cout << "100 rupee notes: " << notes100 << endl;

cout << "50 rupee notes: " << notes50 << endl;

cout << "20 rupee notes: " << notes20 << endl;

cout << "10 rupee notes: " << notes10 << endl;

cout << "5 rupee notes: " << notes5 << endl;

cout << "1 rupee notes: " << notes1 << endl;

// Count notes using pass-by-reference

countNotesByReference(amount, notes100, notes50, notes20, notes10, notes5, notes1);

cout << "Using pass-by-reference:" << endl;

cout << "100 rupee notes: " << notes100 << endl;

cout << "50 rupee notes: " << notes50 << endl;

cout << "20 rupee notes: " << notes20 << endl;

cout << "10 rupee notes: " << notes10 << endl;

cout << "5 rupee notes: " << notes5 << endl;

cout << "1 rupee notes: " << notes1 << endl;

return 0;

}

Explanation:

Pass-by-Value (countNotesByValue):
- Function Definition: void countNotesByValue(int amount, int &notes100, int &notes50, int &notes20, int &notes10, int &notes5, int &notes1)
- This function takes the amount as input by value (i.e., a copy of the amount).
- It calculates the number of each type of note (100, 50, 20, 10, 5, 1) needed for the given amount and stores the results in the reference variables (notes100, notes50, etc.).
- The function uses modulo operations to determine the number of notes for each denomination and updates the remaining amount accordingly.
Pass-by-Reference (countNotesByReference):
- Function Definition: void countNotesByReference(int amount, int &notes100, int &notes50, int &notes20, int &notes10, int &notes5, int &notes1)
- This function also takes the amount and updates the reference variables (notes100, notes50, etc.) with the number of notes for each denomination.
- In this example, it simply calls countNotesByValue to do the actual calculation, demonstrating that pass-by-reference can be used to refer to the same variables.
Main Function (main):
- The program prompts the user to input an amount.
- It then counts the notes required using both methods and prints the results.

Example Outputs:

Example 1:

Input:

Amount: 273

Output:

Enter the amount: 273
Using pass-by-value:
100 rupee notes: 2
50 rupee notes: 1
20 rupee notes: 1
10 rupee notes: 2
5 rupee notes: 0
1 rupee notes: 3
Using pass-by-reference:
100 rupee notes: 2
50 rupee notes: 1
20 rupee notes: 1
10 rupee notes: 2
5 rupee notes: 0
1 rupee notes: 3

Enter the amount: 273

Using pass-by-value:

100 rupee notes: 2

50 rupee notes: 1

20 rupee notes: 1

10 rupee notes: 2

5 rupee notes: 0

1 rupee notes: 3

Using pass-by-reference:

100 rupee notes: 2

50 rupee notes: 1

20 rupee notes: 1

10 rupee notes: 2

5 rupee notes: 0

1 rupee notes: 3

Example 2:

Input:

Amount: 485

Output:

Enter the amount: 485
Using pass-by-value:
100 rupee notes: 4
50 rupee notes: 1
20 rupee notes: 1
10 rupee notes: 1
5 rupee notes: 1
1 rupee notes: 0
Using pass-by-reference:
100 rupee notes: 4
50 rupee notes: 1
20 rupee notes: 1
10 rupee notes: 1
5 rupee notes: 1
1 rupee notes: 0

Enter the amount: 485

Using pass-by-value:

100 rupee notes: 4

50 rupee notes: 1

20 rupee notes: 1

10 rupee notes: 1

5 rupee notes: 1

1 rupee notes: 0

Using pass-by-reference:

100 rupee notes: 4

50 rupee notes: 1

20 rupee notes: 1

10 rupee notes: 1

5 rupee notes: 1

1 rupee notes: 0

Example 3:

Input:

Amount: 89

Output:

Enter the amount: 89
Using pass-by-value:
100 rupee notes: 0
50 rupee notes: 1
20 rupee notes: 1
10 rupee notes: 1
5 rupee notes: 1
1 rupee notes: 4
Using pass-by-reference:
100 rupee notes: 0
50 rupee notes: 1
20 rupee notes: 1
10 rupee notes: 1
5 rupee notes: 1
1 rupee notes: 4

Enter the amount: 89

Using pass-by-value:

100 rupee notes: 0

50 rupee notes: 1

20 rupee notes: 1

10 rupee notes: 1

5 rupee notes: 1

1 rupee notes: 4

Using pass-by-reference:

100 rupee notes: 0

50 rupee notes: 1

20 rupee notes: 1

10 rupee notes: 1

5 rupee notes: 1

1 rupee notes: 4

Explanation:

Example Outputs:

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