Write a program that determines a student’s grade. The program will read three types of scores (quiz, mid-term, and final scores) and determine the grade based on the following rules:if the average score =90% =>grade=A…………………..-if the average score >= 70% and grade=B……………………-if the average score>=50% and grade=C……………………..-if the average scoregrade=F.

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

// Function to determine the grade using pass-by-value
char determineGradeByValue(double quiz, double midTerm, double finalExam) {
    double average = (quiz + midTerm + finalExam) / 3;
    if (average >= 90) {
        return 'A';
    } else if (average >= 70) {
        return 'B';
    } else if (average >= 50) {
        return 'C';
    } else {
        return 'F';
    }
}

// Function to determine the grade using pass-by-reference
void determineGradeByReference(double quiz, double midTerm, double finalExam, char &grade) {
    double average = (quiz + midTerm + finalExam) / 3;
    if (average >= 90) {
        grade = 'A';
    } else if (average >= 70) {
        grade = 'B';
    } else if (average >= 50) {
        grade = 'C';
    } else {
        grade = 'F';
    }
}

int main() {
    double quizScore, midTermScore, finalExamScore;
    char gradeByValue, gradeByReference;

    // Input the scores
    cout << "Enter the quiz score: ";
    cin >> quizScore;
    cout << "Enter the mid-term score: ";
    cin >> midTermScore;
    cout << "Enter the final exam score: ";
    cin >> finalExamScore;

    // Determine grade using pass-by-value
    gradeByValue = determineGradeByValue(quizScore, midTermScore, finalExamScore);
    cout << "Grade determined using pass-by-value: " << gradeByValue << endl;

    // Determine grade using pass-by-reference
    determineGradeByReference(quizScore, midTermScore, finalExamScore, gradeByReference);
    cout << "Grade determined using pass-by-reference: " << gradeByReference << endl;

    return 0;
}

#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

// Function to determine the grade using pass-by-value

char determineGradeByValue(double quiz, double midTerm, double finalExam) {

double average = (quiz + midTerm + finalExam) / 3;

if (average >= 90) {

return 'A';

} else if (average >= 70) {

return 'B';

} else if (average >= 50) {

return 'C';

} else {

return 'F';

}

// Function to determine the grade using pass-by-reference

void determineGradeByReference(double quiz, double midTerm, double finalExam, char &grade) {

double average = (quiz + midTerm + finalExam) / 3;

if (average >= 90) {

grade = 'A';

} else if (average >= 70) {

grade = 'B';

} else if (average >= 50) {

grade = 'C';

} else {

grade = 'F';

}

int main() {

double quizScore, midTermScore, finalExamScore;

char gradeByValue, gradeByReference;

// Input the scores

cout << "Enter the quiz score: ";

cin >> quizScore;

cout << "Enter the mid-term score: ";

cin >> midTermScore;

cout << "Enter the final exam score: ";

cin >> finalExamScore;

// Determine grade using pass-by-value

gradeByValue = determineGradeByValue(quizScore, midTermScore, finalExamScore);

cout << "Grade determined using pass-by-value: " << gradeByValue << endl;

// Determine grade using pass-by-reference

determineGradeByReference(quizScore, midTermScore, finalExamScore, gradeByReference);

cout << "Grade determined using pass-by-reference: " << gradeByReference << endl;

return 0;

}

Explanation:

Pass-by-Value (determineGradeByValue):
- Function Definition: char determineGradeByValue(double quiz, double midTerm, double finalExam)
- This function takes three scores as input parameters by value (i.e., copies of the original values).
- It calculates the average score.
- Based on the average, it determines the grade:
  - >= 90% results in grade A
  - >= 70% and < 90% results in grade B
  - >= 50% and < 70% results in grade C
  - < 50% results in grade F
- The function returns the determined grade.
Pass-by-Reference (determineGradeByReference):
- Function Definition: void determineGradeByReference(double quiz, double midTerm, double finalExam, char &grade)
- This function also receives three scores but takes a reference to the grade variable to store the result.
- It calculates the average score similarly.
- It assigns the appropriate grade directly to the grade reference variable.
Main Function (main):
- The program prompts the user to input the quiz, mid-term, and final exam scores.
- It calculates the grade using both methods and prints the results.

Example Outputs:

Example 1:

Input:

Quiz Score: 85
Mid-Term Score: 90
Final Exam Score: 88

Output:

Enter the quiz score: 85
Enter the mid-term score: 90
Enter the final exam score: 88
Grade determined using pass-by-value: B
Grade determined using pass-by-reference: B

Enter the quiz score: 85

Enter the mid-term score: 90

Enter the final exam score: 88

Grade determined using pass-by-value: B

Grade determined using pass-by-reference: B

Example 2:

Input:

Quiz Score: 45
Mid-Term Score: 60
Final Exam Score: 55

Output:

Enter the quiz score: 45
Enter the mid-term score: 60
Enter the final exam score: 55
Grade determined using pass-by-value: C
Grade determined using pass-by-reference: C

Enter the quiz score: 45

Enter the mid-term score: 60

Enter the final exam score: 55

Grade determined using pass-by-value: C

Grade determined using pass-by-reference: C

Example 3:

Input:

Quiz Score: 92
Mid-Term Score: 94
Final Exam Score: 96

Output:

Enter the quiz score: 92
Enter the mid-term score: 94
Enter the final exam score: 96
Grade determined using pass-by-value: A
Grade determined using pass-by-reference: A

Enter the quiz score: 92

Enter the mid-term score: 94

Enter the final exam score: 96

Grade determined using pass-by-value: A

Grade determined using pass-by-reference: A

Explanation:

Example Outputs:

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