Using the user define functions C++ Program to take a value from the user as input electricity unit charges and calculate total electricity bill according to the given condition: For the first 50 units Rs. 0.50/unit………….For the next 100 units Rs. 0.75/unit…..For the next 100 units Rs. 1.20/unit ……………For unit above 250 Rs. 1.50/unit………An additional surcharge of 20% is added to the bill…….Using user define functions.

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

// Function to calculate the total bill using pass-by-value
double calculateBillByValue(double units) {
    double bill;

    if (units <= 50) {
        bill = units * 0.50;
    } else if (units <= 150) {
        bill = (50 * 0.50) + ((units - 50) * 0.75);
    } else if (units <= 250) {
        bill = (50 * 0.50) + (100 * 0.75) + ((units - 150) * 1.20);
    } else {
        bill = (50 * 0.50) + (100 * 0.75) + (100 * 1.20) + ((units - 250) * 1.50);
    }

    // Apply additional surcharge of 20%
    bill += 0.20 * bill;

    return bill;
}

// Function to calculate the total bill using pass-by-reference
void calculateBillByReference(double units, double &totalBill) {
    if (units <= 50) {
        totalBill = units * 0.50;
    } else if (units <= 150) {
        totalBill = (50 * 0.50) + ((units - 50) * 0.75);
    } else if (units <= 250) {
        totalBill = (50 * 0.50) + (100 * 0.75) + ((units - 150) * 1.20);
    } else {
        totalBill = (50 * 0.50) + (100 * 0.75) + (100 * 1.20) + ((units - 250) * 1.50);
    }

    // Apply additional surcharge of 20%
    totalBill += 0.20 * totalBill;
}

int main() {
    double units;
    double billByValue, billByReference;

    // Input the number of units
    cout << "Enter the number of electricity units: ";
    cin >> units;

    // Calculate the bill using pass-by-value
    billByValue = calculateBillByValue(units);
    cout << "Total bill calculated using pass-by-value: Rs. " << billByValue << endl;

    // Calculate the bill using pass-by-reference
    calculateBillByReference(units, billByReference);
    cout << "Total bill calculated using pass-by-reference: Rs. " << billByReference << endl;

    return 0;
}

#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

// Function to calculate the total bill using pass-by-value

double calculateBillByValue(double units) {

double bill;

if (units <= 50) {

bill = units * 0.50;

} else if (units <= 150) {

bill = (50 * 0.50) + ((units - 50) * 0.75);

} else if (units <= 250) {

bill = (50 * 0.50) + (100 * 0.75) + ((units - 150) * 1.20);

} else {

bill = (50 * 0.50) + (100 * 0.75) + (100 * 1.20) + ((units - 250) * 1.50);

}

// Apply additional surcharge of 20%

bill += 0.20 * bill;

return bill;

}

// Function to calculate the total bill using pass-by-reference

void calculateBillByReference(double units, double &totalBill) {

if (units <= 50) {

totalBill = units * 0.50;

} else if (units <= 150) {

totalBill = (50 * 0.50) + ((units - 50) * 0.75);

} else if (units <= 250) {

totalBill = (50 * 0.50) + (100 * 0.75) + ((units - 150) * 1.20);

} else {

totalBill = (50 * 0.50) + (100 * 0.75) + (100 * 1.20) + ((units - 250) * 1.50);

}

// Apply additional surcharge of 20%

totalBill += 0.20 * totalBill;

}

int main() {

double units;

double billByValue, billByReference;

// Input the number of units

cout << "Enter the number of electricity units: ";

cin >> units;

// Calculate the bill using pass-by-value

billByValue = calculateBillByValue(units);

cout << "Total bill calculated using pass-by-value: Rs. " << billByValue << endl;

// Calculate the bill using pass-by-reference

calculateBillByReference(units, billByReference);

cout << "Total bill calculated using pass-by-reference: Rs. " << billByReference << endl;

return 0;

}

Explanation:

Pass-by-Value (calculateBillByValue):
- Function Definition: double calculateBillByValue(double units)
- This function receives a copy of the units as input.
- It calculates the electricity bill based on the given unit rates:
  - For the first 50 units: Rs. 0.50/unit
  - For the next 100 units: Rs. 0.75/unit
  - For the next 100 units: Rs. 1.20/unit
  - For units above 250: Rs. 1.50/unit
- An additional surcharge of 20% is applied to the calculated bill.
- The function returns the final bill amount.
Pass-by-Reference (calculateBillByReference):
- Function Definition: void calculateBillByReference(double units, double &totalBill)
- This function also receives the units but takes a reference to totalBill to store the result.
- It performs the same calculations as calculateBillByValue but updates the totalBill variable directly.
- An additional surcharge of 20% is applied to the calculated bill.
Main Function (main):
- The program prompts the user to input the number of electricity units.
- It calculates the total bill using both methods and prints the results.

Example Outputs:

Example 1:

Input:

Units: 120

Output:

Enter the number of electricity units: 120
Total bill calculated using pass-by-value: Rs. 112.00
Total bill calculated using pass-by-reference: Rs. 112.00

Enter the number of electricity units: 120

Total bill calculated using pass-by-value: Rs. 112.00

Total bill calculated using pass-by-reference: Rs. 112.00

Example 2:

Input:

Units: 300

Output:

Enter the number of electricity units: 300
Total bill calculated using pass-by-value: Rs. 398.00
Total bill calculated using pass-by-reference: Rs. 398.00

Enter the number of electricity units: 300

Total bill calculated using pass-by-value: Rs. 398.00

Total bill calculated using pass-by-reference: Rs. 398.00

Example 3:

Input:

Units: 80

Output:

Enter the number of electricity units: 80
Total bill calculated using pass-by-value: Rs. 83.00
Total bill calculated using pass-by-reference: Rs. 83.00

Enter the number of electricity units: 80

Total bill calculated using pass-by-value: Rs. 83.00

Total bill calculated using pass-by-reference: Rs. 83.00

Explanation:

Example Outputs:

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