Plant Breeding and Genetics Qualification related questions

By: Prof. Dr. Fazal Rehman | Last updated: June 12, 2024

What is the primary objective of plant breeding? a) To decrease genetic diversity b) To maintain wild plant populations c) To develop plants with desirable traits d) To eradicate plant diseases Answer: c) To develop plants with desirable traits Which technique involves the controlled pollination between two genetically different plants to produce offspring with desirable traits? a) Cloning b) Hybridization c) Tissue culture d) Grafting Answer: b) Hybridization What is genetic diversity in plant breeding? a) The number of different plant species in an area b) The number of genes present within a single plant species c) The variation of inherited traits within a plant population d) The degree of resistance of plants to pests and diseases Answer: c) The variation of inherited traits within a plant population Which method is used to introduce mutations in plant genomes to generate genetic variation? a) Hybridization b) Selection c) Mutation breeding d) Transgenic breeding Answer: c) Mutation breeding What is the term for the physical expression of an organism’s genetic makeup? a) Genotype b) Phenotype c) Allele d) Chromosome Answer: b) Phenotype What is the purpose of marker-assisted selection (MAS) in plant breeding? a) To produce genetically modified plants b) To identify plants with desirable traits at the molecular level c) To induce mutations in plant genomes d) To cross genetically similar plants Answer: b) To identify plants with desirable traits at the molecular level Which breeding method involves transferring genes from one plant species to another to confer specific traits? a) Mutation breeding b) Transgenic breeding c) Selection d) Hybridization Answer: b) Transgenic breeding What is the term for the process of crossing a plant with itself or with a genetically similar plant? a) Outcrossing b) Self-pollination c) Backcrossing d) Reciprocal crossing Answer: b) Self-pollination What is the primary advantage of using genetically modified organisms (GMOs) in agriculture? a) Increased genetic diversity b) Enhanced crop yields c) Reduced pesticide use d) Preservation of natural habitats Answer: b) Enhanced crop yields Which breeding method involves selecting and breeding plants from different geographical regions? a) Recurrent selection b) Introgression c) Hybridization d) Transgenic breeding Answer: b) Introgression What is the term for the physical location of a gene on a chromosome? a) Genotype b) Phenotype c) Locus d) Allele Answer: c) Locus Which of the following is NOT a method used to induce mutations in plants? a) Radiation b) Chemical mutagenesis c) Hybridization d) TILLING (Targeting Induced Local Lesions IN Genomes) Answer: c) Hybridization What is meant by the term “allele” in genetics? a) A specific form of a gene b) The entire genetic makeup of an organism c) The physical expression of a trait d) The genetic variability within a population Answer: a) A specific form of a gene Which breeding method involves selecting and crossing plants with similar phenotypes to produce offspring with uniform traits? a) Selection b) Hybridization c) Mutation breeding d) Mass selection Answer: d) Mass selection What is the term for the transfer of genes between different species through non-sexual means? a) Gene flow b) Gene editing c) Horizontal gene transfer d) Vertical gene transfer Answer: c) Horizontal gene transfer Which of the following is a qualitative trait in plants? a) Plant height b) Flower color c) Seed yield d) Disease resistance Answer: b) Flower color What is the purpose of backcrossing in plant breeding? a) To increase genetic diversity b) To introduce new genes into a plant’s genome c) To fix a desirable trait into a plant’s genetic background d) To create genetically modified organisms Answer: c) To fix a desirable trait into a plant’s genetic background Which of the following is NOT a factor influencing gene flow in plant populations? a) Wind b) Insect pollination c) Soil pH d) Water Answer: c) Soil pH What is the term for the mating of plants with unrelated genetic backgrounds? a) Self-pollination b) Outcrossing c) Backcrossing d) Inbreeding Answer: b) Outcrossing What is the primary purpose of creating hybrid plants in agriculture? a) To increase genetic diversity b) To enhance crop productivity and quality c) To reduce pest resistance d) To preserve endangered plant species Answer: b) To enhance crop productivity and quality Which of the following is a quantitative trait in plants? a) Flower color b) Disease resistance c) Seed germination d) Leaf shape Answer: b) Disease resistance What is the term for the process of artificially inducing mutations in plants to generate genetic variation? a) Hybridization b) Selection c) Mutation breeding d) Recombination Answer: c) Mutation breeding Which breeding method involves selecting individual plants with desired traits from a population and crossing them to produce the next generation? a) Backcrossing b) Recurrent selection c) Hybridization d) Cloning Answer: b) Recurrent selection