1. : What is the typical logic level voltage for a binary ‘1’ in TTL logic?
(A) 0V
(B) 2.5V
(C) 3.3V
(D) 5V
2. : What is the typical logic level voltage for a binary ‘0’ in CMOS logic operating at 5V?
(A) 0V
(B) 1.5V
(C) 2.5V
(D) 5V
3. : In a 3.3V CMOS system, what voltage range typically defines a logic ‘1’?
(A) 0V to 1.0V
(B) 1.0V to 2.3V
(C) 2.0V to 3.3V
(D) 3.0V to 3.3V
4. : What is the noise margin high (NMH) in a digital circuit?
(A) The difference between V_IL(max) and V_OH(min)
(B) The difference between V_IH(min) and V_OH(min)
(C) The difference between V_OH(min) and V_IH(min)
(D) The difference between V_IL(max) and V_OH(max)
5. : What is the noise margin low (NML) in a digital circuit?
(A) The difference between V_IL(max) and V_OL(max)
(B) The difference between V_OL(max) and V_IL(max)
(C) The difference between V_OL(min) and V_IL(min)
(D) The difference between V_OL(max) and V_IH(min)
6. : Which of the following defines the logic level threshold for a binary ‘0’ in TTL logic?
(A) 0V to 0.8V
(B) 0V to 1.0V
(C) 0V to 1.4V
(D) 0V to 2.0V
7. : In a 5V CMOS logic family, what voltage is typically considered a noise margin for high logic?
(A) 0.3V
(B) 0.7V
(C) 1.0V
(D) 1.3V
8. : What is the purpose of noise margins in digital circuits?
(A) To increase power consumption
(B) To ensure reliable operation despite electrical noise
(C) To decrease signal propagation delay
(D) To improve thermal stability
9. : Which of the following voltage ranges would typically be considered invalid for logic levels in a 5V TTL system?
(A) 0V to 0.8V
(B) 1.4V to 1.6V
(C) 2.0V to 5.0V
(D) 4.5V to 5.0V
10. : What is the typical input low voltage (V_IL) threshold for a 3.3V CMOS logic circuit?
(A) 0V
(B) 0.8V
(C) 1.5V
(D) 2.0V
11. : For a digital system operating at 1.8V, what voltage is typically considered a logic high?
(A) 0.3V
(B) 0.9V
(C) 1.2V
(D) 1.8V
12. : Which of the following is a common cause of noise in digital circuits?
(A) Low power supply voltage
(B) Electromagnetic interference (EMI)
(C) High impedance state
(D) Logic level threshold
13. : What is V_OH in the context of logic levels?
(A) Maximum output voltage for a logic high
(B) Minimum output voltage for a logic high
(C) Maximum output voltage for a logic low
(D) Minimum output voltage for a logic low
14. : What is V_OL in the context of logic levels?
(A) Maximum output voltage for a logic high
(B) Minimum output voltage for a logic high
(C) Maximum output voltage for a logic low
(D) Minimum output voltage for a logic low
15. : Why is it important to consider noise margins when designing digital circuits?
(A) To minimize power consumption
(B) To maximize clock speed
(C) To ensure data integrity and reliable performance
(D) To reduce manufacturing costs
16. : What is the typical V_IH (minimum input high voltage) for a 5V TTL circuit?
(A) 2.0V
(B) 2.4V
(C) 2.7V
(D) 3.0V
17. : In a digital system, what is the term for the allowable range of voltage that can be reliably interpreted as a logic level?
(A) Threshold voltage
(B) Noise margin
(C) Signal range
(D) Voltage swing
18. : What happens if a digital signal falls within the undefined region between logic high and logic low thresholds?
(A) It is considered a logic high
(B) It is considered a logic low
(C) It may cause unpredictable behavior
(D) It is ignored by the circuit
19. : In CMOS logic, why is there typically a larger noise margin compared to TTL logic?
(A) CMOS uses higher voltage levels
(B) CMOS circuits are more sensitive to noise
(C) CMOS has sharper switching characteristics
(D) CMOS has lower power consumption
20. : What is the significance of V_IL and V_IH in digital logic circuits?
(A) They define power supply voltage ranges
(B) They determine acceptable voltage levels for logic states
(C) They indicate the noise margin levels
(D) They specify output drive capability
