Integration of storage with renewables – MCQs – EE

1. The main goal of integrating energy storage with renewable sources is to:
(A) Increase fossil fuel use
(B) Mitigate intermittency and stabilize power output
(C) Reduce energy generation
(D) Increase grid losses

2. Energy storage systems help renewable sources by:
(A) Balancing supply and demand fluctuations
(B) Increasing power losses
(C) Reducing efficiency
(D) Limiting grid access

3. The main challenge with renewable energy systems is:
(A) Intermittent and variable generation
(B) Constant output
(C) Excessive fuel consumption
(D) Low installation cost

4. Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESS) are widely used because they:
(A) Provide fast response and high efficiency
(B) Operate at low voltage only
(C) Have infinite lifespan
(D) Are unaffected by temperature

5. The most common battery technology used in renewable storage is:
(A) Lithium-ion
(B) Nickel-cadmium
(C) Lead-acid
(D) Sodium-chloride

6. Pumped hydro storage works by:
(A) Pumping water to a higher elevation during low demand and releasing it during high demand
(B) Compressing air underground
(C) Heating molten salt
(D) Storing energy in batteries

7. Compressed Air Energy Storage (CAES) stores energy by:
(A) Compressing air in underground caverns
(B) Cooling hydrogen gas
(C) Heating oil
(D) Freezing water

8. Thermal energy storage is mainly used with:
(A) Solar thermal power plants
(B) Wind turbines
(C) Hydropower
(D) Biomass engines

9. Flywheel energy storage stores energy in the form of:
(A) Rotational kinetic energy
(B) Chemical energy
(C) Potential energy
(D) Thermal energy

10. Supercapacitors are mainly used for:
(A) Short-term, high-power energy storage
(B) Long-term energy storage
(C) Thermal applications
(D) Fuel processing

11. Integration of storage with renewables enhances:
(A) Grid stability and reliability
(B) Fuel cost
(C) Power loss
(D) Maintenance downtime

12. In solar PV systems, storage can:
(A) Store excess energy during the day for use at night
(B) Replace solar panels
(C) Increase inverter losses
(D) Reduce panel output

13. Hybrid renewable systems combine:
(A) Two or more renewable sources with storage
(B) Only thermal systems
(C) Non-renewable and fossil fuels
(D) Mechanical and chemical systems

14. The main advantage of hybrid renewable-storage systems is:
(A) Increased reliability and energy availability
(B) Increased pollution
(C) Constant grid disconnection
(D) Higher transmission loss

15. In wind energy systems, storage helps by:
(A) Smoothing out power fluctuations
(B) Increasing turbine inertia
(C) Raising tower height
(D) Decreasing rotor speed

16. The control strategy for storage integration aims to:
(A) Manage charge/discharge and maintain grid balance
(B) Stop renewable generation
(C) Increase transmission loss
(D) Overload the system

17. The round-trip efficiency of lithium-ion battery systems is approximately:
(A) 30–40%
(B) 60–70%
(C) 85–95%
(D) 100%

18. Energy arbitrage refers to:
(A) Buying and storing energy when prices are low and selling when high
(B) Using energy for heating
(C) Storing energy indefinitely
(D) Reducing system load

19. State of Charge (SOC) in batteries indicates:
(A) The remaining energy capacity of the battery
(B) Battery temperature
(C) Voltage rating
(D) Internal resistance

20. Hydrogen energy storage is useful for:
(A) Long-duration and seasonal storage
(B) Short-duration balancing
(C) Frequency control only
(D) On-site heating

21. Smart grids enable better integration of renewables and storage by:
(A) Real-time monitoring and intelligent control
(B) Manual load balancing
(C) Removing storage systems
(D) Limiting automation

22. Microgrids with storage are beneficial because they:
(A) Operate independently during outages
(B) Depend on fossil fuels
(C) Require constant grid connection
(D) Reduce local generation

23. Energy Management Systems (EMS) in renewable-storage setups are responsible for:
(A) Optimizing power flow and maintaining system efficiency
(B) Increasing energy losses
(C) Stopping renewable inputs
(D) Overcharging batteries

24. The main challenge in renewable-storage integration is:
(A) High cost and limited lifespan of storage systems
(B) Easy installation
(C) Overproduction of power
(D) Inconsistent renewable generation

25. Grid-scale battery systems are commonly used for:
(A) Frequency regulation and peak shaving
(B) Lighting systems
(C) Residential heating
(D) Transmission only

26. Distributed Energy Resources (DERs) with storage provide:
(A) Localized energy generation and reliability
(B) Increased dependency on central grids
(C) Higher line losses
(D) Reduced voltage stability

27. Power smoothing in renewable systems refers to:
(A) Reducing rapid fluctuations in power output
(B) Increasing frequency deviation
(C) Shutting down turbines
(D) Overloading inverters

28. Virtual Power Plants (VPPs) combine:
(A) Distributed renewable and storage units under centralized control
(B) Thermal plants only
(C) Manual backup systems
(D) Standalone inverters only

29. Hybrid energy storage systems (HESS) combine:
(A) Batteries with supercapacitors for better performance
(B) Fossil and nuclear energy
(C) Solar with hydropower only
(D) Wind and oil systems

30. The ultimate goal of integrating storage with renewables is to:
(A) Achieve a stable, reliable, and sustainable power system
(B) Depend fully on fossil fuels
(C) Increase energy losses
(D) Reduce system automation