1. Which type of immunity is characterized by the production of antibodies against specific antigens?
a) Innate immunity
b) Passive immunity
c) Adaptive (acquired) immunity
d) Humoral immunity
Answer: d) Humoral immunity
2. What is the primary function of phagocytes in the immune system?
a) To produce antibodies
b) To destroy pathogens through engulfment and digestion
c) To regulate the immune response
d) To create memory cells
Answer: b) To destroy pathogens through engulfment and digestion
3. Which cells are primarily involved in cell-mediated immunity?
a) B cells
b) T cells
c) Erythrocytes
d) Platelets
Answer: b) T cells
4. What is the role of cytotoxic T cells (CD8+ T cells) in the immune response?
a) To produce antibodies
b) To activate other immune cells
c) To directly kill infected cells and cancer cells
d) To promote inflammation
Answer: c) To directly kill infected cells and cancer cells
5. Which class of immunoglobulins (antibodies) is most commonly found in the blood and provides long-term protection?
a) IgM
b) IgA
c) IgE
d) IgG
Answer: d) IgG
6. The complement system is a part of which type of immunity?
a) Innate immunity
b) Adaptive immunity
c) Passive immunity
d) Acquired immunity
Answer: a) Innate immunity
7. What is the primary function of natural killer (NK) cells in the immune system?
a) To produce antibodies
b) To phagocytize pathogens
c) To destroy infected or cancerous cells without prior sensitization
d) To activate B cells
Answer: c) To destroy infected or cancerous cells without prior sensitization
8. Which type of hypersensitivity reaction is mediated by IgE antibodies and involves an allergic response?
a) Type I hypersensitivity
b) Type II hypersensitivity
c) Type III hypersensitivity
d) Type IV hypersensitivity
Answer: a) Type I hypersensitivity
9. Which organ is primarily responsible for the maturation of T lymphocytes (T cells)?
a) Spleen
b) Bone marrow
c) Thymus
d) Lymph nodes
Answer: c) Thymus
10. What is the primary role of antigen-presenting cells (APCs) in the immune system?
a) To destroy pathogens
b) To present antigens to T cells for activation
c) To produce antibodies
d) To regulate inflammation
Answer: b) To present antigens to T cells for activation
