Distributed Generation Integration — MCQs – EE

1. Distributed Generation (DG) refers to:
(A) Small-scale power generation located near the load centers
(B) Centralized generation at remote locations
(C) Transmission line operation
(D) Large hydro power stations only

2. The primary objective of integrating distributed generation is to:
(A) Improve reliability and reduce transmission losses
(B) Increase dependency on fossil fuels
(C) Eliminate local energy sources
(D) Increase transmission distance

3. Common sources of distributed generation include:
(A) Solar PV, wind turbines, microturbines, and fuel cells
(B) Coal-fired power plants
(C) Nuclear reactors only
(D) Steam engines

4. Distributed Generation typically operates at:
(A) Low or medium voltage levels
(B) High transmission voltage
(C) Ultra-high voltage only
(D) DC voltage above 1 MV

5. One key benefit of DG integration is:
(A) Reduction in power transmission and distribution losses
(B) Increase in grid congestion
(C) Reduction in reliability
(D) Elimination of renewable sources

6. Which of the following is a challenge in DG integration?
(A) Voltage regulation and protection coordination
(B) Reduced energy efficiency
(C) Simple load management
(D) Lower reliability

7. In grid-connected mode, distributed generation systems:
(A) Supply power in parallel with the main grid
(B) Operate in isolation
(C) Disconnect automatically
(D) Work only during outages

8. The term islanding refers to:
(A) A condition where DG continues to supply power when the main grid is disconnected
(B) Integration of DG into the main grid
(C) Controlled synchronization
(D) Fault current interruption

9. Islanding detection is important to:
(A) Ensure safety and prevent equipment damage
(B) Increase load current
(C) Improve frequency deviation
(D) Reduce automation

10. Anti-islanding protection is used to:
(A) Disconnect DG units during grid failures
(B) Increase voltage regulation
(C) Improve line impedance
(D) Reduce fault currents

11. Power electronic inverters in DG systems are used for:
(A) Converting DC to AC for grid connection
(B) Generating DC power from AC
(C) Storing electrical energy
(D) Cooling transformers

12. A microgrid can be defined as:
(A) A localized group of DG units, loads, and storage operating as a single system
(B) A large-scale centralized grid
(C) A substation backup system only
(D) A wireless communication system

13. Distributed generation improves power quality by:
(A) Supporting local voltage and reducing harmonics with power electronics
(B) Increasing line losses
(C) Creating frequency instability
(D) Reducing reliability

14. The integration of DG into distribution networks may cause:
(A) Reverse power flow
(B) Constant voltage only
(C) Power factor improvement automatically
(D) Reduction in active power generation

15. Reactive power management in DG systems is handled using:
(A) Inverters and reactive power compensators
(B) Transformers only
(C) Transmission lines
(D) Loads

16. One of the environmental benefits of DG is:
(A) Reduction in greenhouse gas emissions
(B) Increase in fossil fuel dependency
(C) Increased pollution
(D) Thermal losses rise

17. Renewable DG sources like solar and wind are considered:
(A) Intermittent and variable in nature
(B) Constant power generators
(C) Always base-load units
(D) Voltage independent

18. Power quality issues due to DG integration can include:
(A) Voltage fluctuations and harmonics
(B) Constant current
(C) Zero losses
(D) Uniform voltage

19. The synchronization of DG units with the grid requires:
(A) Matching voltage, frequency, and phase angle
(B) Different frequency operation
(C) Random connection
(D) Zero phase shift

20. The reliability of the power system improves with DG because:
(A) Local generation reduces dependence on central plants
(B) Transmission distances increase
(C) Manual operation increases
(D) Voltage regulation worsens

21. Net metering in DG allows:
(A) Consumers to export surplus energy to the grid
(B) One-way energy consumption
(C) Fixed-rate billing
(D) Manual data entry

22. Energy storage systems in DG networks are used for:
(A) Balancing supply-demand fluctuations
(B) Decreasing load diversity
(C) Blocking current flow
(D) Reducing frequency

23. The main technical barrier to DG integration is:
(A) Lack of proper grid codes and standards
(B) High transmission voltage
(C) Uniform grid frequency
(D) Fixed power factor

24. Protection systems for DG-integrated grids need to handle:
(A) Bidirectional power flow
(B) Unidirectional current only
(C) Single-source supply
(D) Mechanical fault protection only

25. One economic advantage of DG is:
(A) Reduced need for transmission infrastructure investment
(B) Increased operational cost
(C) Higher distribution losses
(D) Longer payback period

26. Distributed generation supports the smart grid concept by:
(A) Enabling local generation, automation, and communication
(B) Eliminating ICT networks
(C) Operating manually
(D) Ignoring consumer participation

27. The control strategy used in DG systems for voltage regulation is:
(A) Droop control
(B) Frequency modulation
(C) Phase delay control
(D) Resonance control

28. In renewable DG, forecasting is essential for:
(A) Predicting power generation from solar and wind resources
(B) Reducing voltage
(C) Increasing energy storage losses
(D) Maintaining fixed loads

29. DG integration contributes to grid resiliency by:
(A) Maintaining supply during local faults or outages
(B) Disconnecting from the grid
(C) Reducing redundancy
(D) Increasing fault duration

30. The main goal of Distributed Generation Integration is to:
(A) Create a reliable, efficient, and sustainable power system
(B) Increase dependency on centralized generation
(C) Ignore renewable energy
(D) Operate without storage