What is criminology primarily concerned with?
A) Studying criminal laws
B) Understanding crime, criminal behavior, and societal responses to crime
C) Ignoring legal frameworks
D) Focusing solely on law enforcement
Answer: B) Understanding crime, criminal behavior, and societal responses to crime
Which of the following is a key concept in criminology?
A) Civil disputes
B) Criminal justice system
C) Ignoring criminal behavior
D) Political ideologies
Answer: B) Criminal justice system
What is the focus of classical criminology?
A) Ignoring criminal behaviors
B) Emphasizing free will, rational choices, and deterrence in understanding criminal behavior
C) Limiting analysis to biological factors
D) Focusing solely on rehabilitation
Answer: B) Emphasizing free will, rational choices, and deterrence in understanding criminal behavior
Which of the following is a common area of study in criminology related to crime prevention?
A) Ignoring crime rates
B) Examining strategies, policies, and interventions to reduce crime and enhance public safety
C) Limiting analysis to criminal prosecutions
D) Focusing solely on punishment
Answer: B) Examining strategies, policies, and interventions to reduce crime and enhance public safety
What does the term “criminal justice system” refer to in criminology?
A) Ignoring legal processes
B) The network of institutions and practices responsible for maintaining social control, deterring crime, and dispensing justice
C) Limiting analysis to criminal behaviors
D) Focusing solely on crime statistics
Answer: B) The network of institutions and practices responsible for maintaining social control, deterring crime, and dispensing justice
Which criminological theory emphasizes the role of social structures, inequality, and strain in explaining criminal behavior?
A) Rational choice theory
B) Social disorganization theory
C) Biological theory
D) Labeling theory
Answer: B) Social disorganization theory
What is the focus of biosocial criminology?
A) Ignoring biological factors
B) Examining the interaction between biological and environmental factors in shaping criminal behavior
C) Limiting analysis to psychological traits
D) Focusing solely on socioeconomic status
Answer: B) Examining the interaction between biological and environmental factors in shaping criminal behavior
Which of the following is a common area of study in criminology related to criminal profiling?
A) Ignoring offender characteristics
B) Analyzing behavioral patterns, motives, and characteristics of offenders to assist in investigations
C) Limiting analysis to legal procedures
D) Focusing solely on victimology
Answer: B) Analyzing behavioral patterns, motives, and characteristics of offenders to assist in investigations
What is the role of restorative justice in criminology?
A) Ignoring victim-offender relationships
B) Focusing on repairing harm caused by crime, promoting accountability, and facilitating reconciliation between victims and offenders
C) Limiting analysis to punitive measures
D) Focusing solely on incarceration
Answer: B) Focusing on repairing harm caused by crime, promoting accountability, and facilitating reconciliation between victims and offenders
Which criminological theory focuses on the socialization process and the influence of social bonds in preventing criminal behavior?
A) Social learning theory
B) Strain theory
C) Social control theory
D) Routine activities theory
Answer: C) Social control theory
What does the term “victimology” refer to in criminology?
A) Ignoring victim perspectives
B) The study of victimization, victim-offender relationships, and the impact of crime on victims
C) Limiting analysis to offender behaviors
D) Focusing solely on criminal motivations
Answer: B) The study of victimization, victim-offender relationships, and the impact of crime on victims
Which criminological theory focuses on the role of media, labeling, and societal reactions in shaping criminal identities?
A) Social learning theory
B) Labeling theory
C) Routine activities theory
D) Rational choice theory
Answer: B) Labeling theoryWhich criminological theory emphasizes the role of environmental factors, opportunities, and routine activities in explaining criminal behavior?
A) Rational choice theory
B) Social disorganization theory
C) Routine activities theory
D) Differential association theory
Answer: C) Routine activities theory
What does the term “recidivism” refer to in criminology?
A) Ignoring criminal histories
B) The tendency of convicted individuals to re-offend or return to criminal behavior after being released
C) Limiting analysis to first-time offenders
D) Focusing solely on rehabilitation programs
Answer: B) The tendency of convicted individuals to re-offend or return to criminal behavior after being released
Which of the following is a common area of study in criminology related to punishment?
A) Ignoring legal sanctions
B) Examining the effectiveness, fairness, and impact of various forms of punishment and corrections
C) Limiting analysis to criminal motivations
D) Focusing solely on crime prevention
Answer: B) Examining the effectiveness, fairness, and impact of various forms of punishment and corrections
What is the focus of environmental criminology?
A) Ignoring physical settings
B) Studying the role of physical environments, spaces, and structures in crime patterns and prevention
C) Limiting analysis to individual behaviors
D) Focusing solely on offender characteristics
Answer: B) Studying the role of physical environments, spaces, and structures in crime patterns and prevention
Which criminological theory focuses on the transmission of criminal behavior through social interactions and associations?
A) Rational choice theory
B) Social disorganization theory
C) Differential association theory
D) Labeling theory
Answer: C) Differential association theory
What is the role of the criminal justice system in criminology?
A) Ignoring legal processes
B) Enforcing laws, adjudicating criminal cases, and imposing sanctions on offenders
C) Limiting analysis to criminal behaviors
D) Focusing solely on victimization
Answer: B) Enforcing laws, adjudicating criminal cases, and imposing sanctions on offenders
Which criminological theory focuses on the impact of societal inequalities, strain, and blocked opportunities in generating criminal behavior?
A) Social control theory
B) Strain theory
C) Rational choice theory
D) Routine activities theory
Answer: B) Strain theory
What does the term “criminal profiling” refer to in criminology?
A) Ignoring offender characteristics
B) Analyzing behavioral, psychological, and demographic traits of offenders to assist in investigations and identifying potential suspects
C) Limiting analysis to legal proceedings
D) Focusing solely on crime statistics
Answer: B) Analyzing behavioral, psychological, and demographic traits of offenders to assist in investigations and identifying potential suspects
Which of the following is a common area of study in criminology related to juvenile delinquency?
A) Ignoring youth offenses
B) Examining factors, interventions, and consequences of criminal behaviors among juveniles
C) Limiting analysis to adult offenders
D) Focusing solely on legal proceedings
Answer: B) Examining factors, interventions, and consequences of criminal behaviors among juveniles
What is the focus of victim-offender mediation in criminology?
A) Ignoring victim experiences
B) Facilitating communication, understanding, and resolution between victims and offenders outside of formal legal processes
C) Limiting analysis to offender motivations
D) Focusing solely on punishment
Answer: B) Facilitating communication, understanding, and resolution between victims and offenders outside of formal legal processes
Which criminological theory emphasizes the role of media, cultural representations, and social reactions in shaping perceptions of crime and criminality?
A) Social learning theory
B) Labeling theory
C) Routine activities theory
D) Rational choice theory
Answer: B) Labeling theory
What does the term “rehabilitation” refer to in criminology?
A) Ignoring offender needs
B) The process of reforming and reintegrating offenders back into society through education, counseling, and support programs
C) Limiting analysis to punishment
D) Focusing solely on deterrence
Answer: B) The process of reforming and reintegrating offenders back into society through education, counseling, and support programs
Which of the following is a common area of study in criminology related to forensic psychology?
A) Ignoring psychological factors
B) Examining mental processes, behaviors, and assessments in legal contexts, including criminal investigations and court proceedings
C) Limiting analysis to physical evidence
D) Focusing solely on criminal motives
Answer: B) Examining mental processes, behaviors, and assessments in legal contexts, including criminal investigations and court proceedings
What is the focus of comparative criminology?
A) Ignoring global crime trends
B) Comparing crime rates, criminal justice systems, and responses to crime across different societies and cultures
C) Limiting analysis to domestic crime
D) Focusing solely on individual offenders
Answer: B) Comparing crime rates, criminal justice systems, and responses to crime across different societies and cultures
Which criminological theory focuses on the role of social bonds, attachments, commitments, and beliefs in preventing criminal behavior?
A) Social control theory
B) Rational choice theory
C) Differential association theory
D) Strain theory
Answer: A) Social control theory
What is the significance of cybercrimes in criminology?
A) Ignoring digital offenses
B) Studying crimes committed using digital technologies, such as hacking, cyberbullying, and online fraud
C) Limiting analysis to traditional crimes
D) Focusing solely on physical security
Answer: B) Studying crimes committed using digital technologies, such as hacking, cyberbullying, and online fraud
Which of the following is a common area of study in criminology related to drug offenses?
A) Ignoring substance abuse
B) Examining drug policies, enforcement strategies, addiction, and the societal impact of drug-related crimes
C) Limiting analysis to legal substances
D) Focusing solely on rehabilitation
Answer: B) Examining drug policies, enforcement strategies, addiction, and the societal impact of drug-related crimesWhat does the term “crime typology” refer to in criminology?
A) Ignoring criminal behaviors
B) Classifying and categorizing different types of crimes based on their characteristics, motives, and methods
C) Limiting analysis to legal frameworks
D) Focusing solely on law enforcement strategies
Answer: B) Classifying and categorizing different types of crimes based on their characteristics, motives, and methods
Which criminological theory emphasizes the role of rational decision-making, costs, benefits, and risks in criminal behavior?
A) Social disorganization theory
B) Rational choice theory
C) Differential association theory
D) Labeling theory
Answer: B) Rational choice theory
What is the focus of environmental criminology?
A) Ignoring physical settings
B) Studying the role of physical environments, spaces, and structures in crime patterns and prevention
C) Limiting analysis to individual behaviors
D) Focusing solely on offender characteristics
Answer: B) Studying the role of physical environments, spaces, and structures in crime patterns and prevention
Which criminological theory emphasizes the role of social learning, peer influence, and associations in acquiring criminal behaviors?
A) Rational choice theory
B) Social disorganization theory
C) Differential association theory
D) Labeling theory
Answer: C) Differential association theory
What is the focus of biosocial criminology?
A) Ignoring biological factors
B) Examining the interaction between biological and environmental factors in shaping criminal behavior
C) Limiting analysis to psychological traits
D) Focusing solely on socioeconomic status
Answer: B) Examining the interaction between biological and environmental factors in shaping criminal behavior
What does the term “victimology” refer to in criminology?
A) Ignoring victim perspectives
B) The study of victimization, victim-offender relationships, and the impact of crime on victims
C) Limiting analysis to offender behaviors
D) Focusing solely on criminal motivations
Answer: B) The study of victimization, victim-offender relationships, and the impact of crime on victims
Which criminological theory focuses on the impact of societal inequalities, strain, and blocked opportunities in generating criminal behavior?
A) Social control theory
B) Strain theory
C) Rational choice theory
D) Routine activities theory
Answer: B) Strain theory
What is the role of forensic psychology in criminology?
A) Ignoring psychological factors
B) Applying psychological principles, assessments, and interventions in legal contexts, including criminal investigations and court proceedings
C) Limiting analysis to physical evidence
D) Focusing solely on criminal motives
Answer: B) Applying psychological principles, assessments, and interventions in legal contexts, including criminal investigations and court proceedings
Which of the following is a common area of study in criminology related to corrections?
A) Ignoring rehabilitation programs
B) Examining strategies, practices, and institutions involved in managing offenders, including prisons, probation, and parole
C) Limiting analysis to legal proceedings
D) Focusing solely on law enforcement
Answer: B) Examining strategies, practices, and institutions involved in managing offenders, including prisons, probation, and parole
What is the focus of comparative criminology?
A) Ignoring global crime trends
B) Comparing crime rates, criminal justice systems, and responses to crime across different societies and cultures
C) Limiting analysis to domestic crime
D) Focusing solely on individual offenders
Answer: B) Comparing crime rates, criminal justice systems, and responses to crime across different societies and cultures
Which criminological theory focuses on the role of social bonds, attachments, commitments, and beliefs in preventing criminal behavior?
A) Social control theory
B) Rational choice theory
C) Differential association theory
D) Strain theory
Answer: A) Social control theory
What does the term “community policing” refer to in criminology?
A) Ignoring community involvement
B) A law enforcement strategy focused on building partnerships and collaborative efforts between police departments and local communities to address crime and public safety issues
C) Limiting analysis to criminal activities
D) Focusing solely on individual offenders
Answer: B) A law enforcement strategy focused on building partnerships and collaborative efforts between police departments and local communities to address crime and public safety issues
Which of the following is a common area of study in criminology related to terrorism and extremism?
A) Ignoring radical ideologies
B) Examining the motivations, ideologies, tactics, and responses to acts of terrorism and extremism
C) Limiting analysis to domestic crimes
D) Focusing solely on individual offenders
Answer: B) Examining the motivations, ideologies, tactics, and responses to acts of terrorism and extremism
What is the significance of cybercrimes in criminology?
A) Ignoring digital offenses
B) Studying crimes committed using digital technologies, such as hacking, cyberbullying, and online fraud
C) Limiting analysis to traditional crimes
D) Focusing solely on physical security
Answer: B) Studying crimes committed using digital technologies, such as hacking, cyberbullying, and online fraud
Which criminological theory emphasizes the role of media, cultural representations, and social reactions in shaping perceptions of crime and criminality?
A) Social learning theory
B) Labeling theory
C) Routine activities theory
D) Rational choice theory
Answer: B) Labeling theory
What does the term “rehabilitation” refer to in criminology?
A) Ignoring offender needs
B) The process of reforming and reintegrating offenders back into society through education, counseling, and support programs
C) Limiting analysis to punishment
D) Focusing solely on deterrence
Answer: B) The process of reforming and reintegrating offenders back into society through education, counseling, and support programs
Which of the following is a common area of study in criminology related to environmental crimes?
A) Ignoring ecological offenses
B) Examining illegal activities that harm the environment, such as pollution, wildlife trafficking, and illegal logging
C) Limiting analysis to urban crime
D) Focusing solely on white-collar crimes
Answer: B) Examining illegal activities that harm the environment, such as pollution, wildlife trafficking, and illegal logging
What is the role of restorative justice in criminology?
A) Ignoring victim-offender relationships
B) Focusing on repairing harm caused by crime, promoting accountability, and facilitating reconciliation between victims and offenders
C) Limiting analysis to punitive measures
D) Focusing solely on incarceration
Answer: B) Focusing on repairing harm caused by crime, promoting accountability, and facilitating reconciliation between victims and offenders
Which criminological theory emphasizes the role of social structures, inequality, and strain in explaining criminal behavior?
A) Rational choice theory
B) Social disorganization theory
C) Differential association theory
D) Labeling theory
Answer: B) Social disorganization theory
What does the term “criminal profiling” refer to in criminology?
A) Ignoring offender characteristics
B) Analyzing behavioral, psychological, and demographic traits of offenders to assist in investigations and identifying potential suspects
C) Limiting analysis to legal proceedings
D) Focusing solely on crime statistics
Answer: B) Analyzing behavioral, psychological, and demographic traits of offenders to assist in investigations and identifying potential suspects