Applied Molecular Biology Qualification related questions

What is the primary technique used to amplify specific DNA sequences in molecular biology?

a) Southern blotting
b) Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)
c) Gel electrophoresis
d) DNA sequencing
Answer: b) Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)
Which enzyme is commonly used in PCR to synthesize new DNA strands complementary to a target sequence?

a) DNA polymerase
b) RNA polymerase
c) Ligase
d) Restriction enzyme
Answer: a) DNA polymerase
What is the purpose of gel electrophoresis in molecular biology?

a) To amplify DNA sequences
b) To visualize DNA fragments based on size
c) To clone DNA
d) To sequence DNA
Answer: b) To visualize DNA fragments based on size
Which of the following is NOT a type of RNA?

a) Messenger RNA (mRNA)
b) Transfer RNA (tRNA)
c) Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
d) Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)
Answer: d) Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)
What is the function of reverse transcriptase in molecular biology?

a) To synthesize DNA from RNA
b) To transcribe mRNA into proteins
c) To amplify DNA sequences
d) To cut DNA at specific sites
Answer: a) To synthesize DNA from RNA
Which technique is used to determine the sequence of nucleotides in a DNA molecule?

a) Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)
b) Gel electrophoresis
c) Southern blotting
d) DNA sequencing
Answer: d) DNA sequencing
What is the role of restriction enzymes in molecular biology?

a) To amplify DNA sequences
b) To join DNA fragments together
c) To cut DNA at specific recognition sites
d) To synthesize RNA from DNA
Answer: c) To cut DNA at specific recognition sites
Which technique is used to identify specific DNA sequences in a sample?

a) PCR
b) Gel electrophoresis
c) Southern blotting
d) DNA microarray analysis
Answer: d) DNA microarray analysis
What is the purpose of a plasmid in molecular biology experiments?

a) To clone genes of interest
b) To cut DNA at specific sites
c) To synthesize RNA
d) To amplify DNA
Answer: a) To clone genes of interest
Which technique is used to transfer DNA fragments from a gel to a membrane for further analysis?

a) PCR
b) Gel electrophoresis
c) Southern blotting
d) DNA sequencing
Answer: c) Southern blotting
What is the purpose of a DNA probe in molecular biology?

a) To amplify DNA sequences
b) To visualize DNA fragments on a gel
c) To identify specific DNA sequences
d) To synthesize RNA
Answer: c) To identify specific DNA sequences
Which of the following is a method for introducing foreign DNA into host cells?

a) Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)
b) Gel electrophoresis
c) Transformation
d) DNA sequencing
Answer: c) Transformation
What is the primary function of ligase in molecular biology?

a) To synthesize DNA
b) To cut DNA at specific sites
c) To join DNA fragments together
d) To amplify DNA
Answer: c) To join DNA fragments together
Which technique is used to determine gene expression levels in a sample?

a) PCR
b) Gel electrophoresis
c) Southern blotting
d) Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR)
Answer: d) Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR)
What is the function of a reporter gene in molecular biology experiments?

a) To report the presence of foreign DNA
b) To produce a visual signal indicating gene expression
c) To synthesize RNA
d) To amplify DNA
Answer: b) To produce a visual signal indicating gene expression
Which technique is used to study protein interactions and protein structure in molecular biology?

a) PCR
b) Gel electrophoresis
c) Western blotting
d) DNA sequencing
Answer: c) Western blotting
What is the purpose of RNA interference (RNAi) in molecular biology?

a) To silence gene expression
b) To amplify RNA sequences
c) To synthesize DNA
d) To cut DNA at specific sites
Answer: a) To silence gene expressionWhich enzyme is used to generate complementary DNA (cDNA) from an RNA template in molecular biology?

a) DNA polymerase
b) Reverse transcriptase
c) RNA polymerase
d) Ligase
Answer: b) Reverse transcriptase
What is the purpose of a gene knockout in molecular biology studies?

a) To increase gene expression
b) To silence gene expression
c) To visualize genes on a gel
d) To amplify genes
Answer: b) To silence gene expression
Which technique is used to study genetic variation and mutations in DNA sequences?

a) Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)
b) Gel electrophoresis
c) DNA sequencing
d) Western blotting
Answer: c) DNA sequencing
What is the role of CRISPR-Cas9 in molecular biology experiments?

a) To clone genes of interest
b) To silence gene expression
c) To amplify DNA sequences
d) To introduce mutations into genes
Answer: d) To introduce mutations into genes
Which technique is used to analyze the expression of multiple genes simultaneously?

a) PCR
b) Gel electrophoresis
c) DNA microarray analysis
d) Southern blotting
Answer: c) DNA microarray analysis
What is the purpose of site-directed mutagenesis in molecular biology?

a) To clone genes of interest
b) To introduce specific mutations into a gene sequence
c) To silence gene expression
d) To amplify genes
Answer: b) To introduce specific mutations into a gene sequence
Which enzyme is used to cut DNA at specific recognition sites in molecular biology experiments?

a) DNA polymerase
b) RNA polymerase
c) Ligase
d) Restriction enzyme
Answer: d) Restriction enzyme
What is the primary function of a vector in molecular biology experiments?

a) To cut DNA at specific sites
b) To clone genes of interest
c) To silence gene expression
d) To amplify DNA sequences
Answer: b) To clone genes of interest
Which technique is used to detect and analyze proteins based on their size and charge?

a) PCR
b) Gel electrophoresis
c) DNA sequencing
d) Southern blotting
Answer: b) Gel electrophoresis
What is the purpose of a transgenic organism in molecular biology research?

a) To silence gene expression
b) To introduce foreign DNA into an organism
c) To amplify genes
d) To cut DNA at specific sites
Answer: b) To introduce foreign DNA into an organism
Which technique is used to analyze RNA expression levels in a sample?

a) PCR
b) Gel electrophoresis
c) Northern blotting
d) Western blotting
Answer: c) Northern blotting
What is the primary function of RNA polymerase in molecular biology?

a) To synthesize DNA
b) To synthesize RNA from DNA
c) To cut DNA at specific sites
d) To amplify DNA sequences
Answer: b) To synthesize RNA from DNA
Which technique is used to study gene expression patterns in different tissues or conditions?

a) PCR
b) Gel electrophoresis
c) DNA microarray analysis
d) Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR)
Answer: c) DNA microarray analysis
What is the purpose of RNA splicing in molecular biology?

a) To synthesize RNA
b) To remove introns and join exons in mRNA
c) To amplify DNA sequences
d) To silence gene expression
Answer: b) To remove introns and join exons in mRNA
Which technique is used to study the interaction between proteins and DNA in molecular biology?

a) PCR
b) Gel electrophoresis
c) Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP)
d) DNA microarray analysis
Answer: c) Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP)
What is the primary function of a transfection in molecular biology experiments?

a) To introduce DNA into bacterial cells
b) To introduce RNA into mammalian cells
c) To introduce foreign molecules into cells
d) To amplify genes
Answer: c) To introduce foreign molecules into cells