1. What is the SI unit of temperature?
a) Celsius
b) Fahrenheit
c) Kelvin
d) Joule
Answer: c) Kelvin
2. What is the process called when heat is transferred through a fluid (liquid or gas) due to the movement of the fluid itself?
a) Conduction
b) Convection
c) Radiation
d) Reflection
Answer: b) Convection
3. What is the principle behind a thermos bottle’s ability to keep liquids hot or cold?
a) Conduction
b) Convection
c) Radiation
d) Insulation
Answer: d) Insulation
4. What is the temperature at which water boils under standard atmospheric pressure (1 atm)?
a) 0°C
b) 50°C
c) 100°C
d) 212°C
Answer: c) 100°C
5. Which law of thermodynamics states that energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transformed?
a) Zeroth Law
b) First Law
c) Second Law
d) Third Law
Answer: b) First Law
6. What is the specific heat capacity of a substance?
a) The amount of heat required to change the temperature of a unit mass of the substance by 1°C
b) The total heat content of a substance
c) The heat required to change the state of a substance
d) The ability of a substance to conduct heat
Answer: a) The amount of heat required to change the temperature of a unit mass of the substance by 1°C
7. In which mode of heat transfer does heat travel through electromagnetic waves?
a) Conduction
b) Convection
c) Radiation
d) Insulation
Answer: c) Radiation
8. What is the term for the process of heat transfer through direct contact of particles in solids?
a) Convection
b) Conduction
c) Radiation
d) Evaporation
Answer: b) Conduction
9. What is the effect of increasing the temperature on the kinetic energy of molecules in a substance?
a) Kinetic energy decreases
b) Kinetic energy remains the same
c) Kinetic energy increases
d) Kinetic energy becomes constant
Answer: c) Kinetic energy increases
10. What does the Second Law of Thermodynamics state about entropy?
a) Entropy remains constant in a closed system
b) Entropy increases over time in an isolated system
c) Entropy decreases over time in an isolated system
d) Entropy can only be decreased by external work
Answer: b) Entropy increases over time in an isolated system
11. What is the main difference between heat and temperature?
a) Heat is a measure of energy, while temperature is a measure of the rate of energy transfer
b) Heat is the transfer of energy, while temperature is a measure of thermal energy
c) Heat and temperature are the same thing
d) Heat is a measure of temperature, while temperature is a measure of energy transfer
Answer: b) Heat is the transfer of energy, while temperature is a measure of thermal energy
12. Which substance has the highest specific heat capacity among the following?
a) Water
b) Iron
c) Lead
d) Copper
Answer: a) Water
13. What is latent heat?
a) The heat required to change the temperature of a substance
b) The heat required to change the state of a substance without changing its temperature
c) The heat released during a chemical reaction
d) The heat absorbed from the surroundings
Answer: b) The heat required to change the state of a substance without changing its temperature
14. What is the temperature at which all molecular motion ceases, according to the third law of thermodynamics?
a) 0°C
b) -273°C
c) 0 K
d) 273 K
Answer: c) 0 K
15. What happens to the volume of most gases when their temperature is increased at constant pressure?
a) Volume decreases
b) Volume remains the same
c) Volume increases
d) Volume fluctuates
Answer: c) Volume increases